Italian diplomat, patriot and revolutionary. The man who, with his courage and tact, won the title of national hero among the people - Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Biography and merits
Giuseppe Garibaldi was born in Nice to a sailor who owns a small merchant ship. The mother, thanks to her attitude towards her son, remained for him a model of femininity, and his father - an example of the head of the family. The old sailor always found a way to solve any difficulties and problems. The boy was brought up in severity and discipline. From an early age, Giuseppe helped his father on ships. The boy received his education from the clergy, as was the custom at that time in most families. The boy learned a lot about the sciences from his older brother and the Arena officer involved in training. It was they who instilled in little Giuseppe a love for the homeland, language and culture of their country. The arena enlightened the boy on the famous Roman battles, on all the difficulties and stages of development and formation of the homeland. Thus, the boy grew up as a valiant, fair and wise man in love and harmony, and most importantly - a real patriot of his country. Giuseppe had a natural curiosity, thanks to which he learned a lot himself.
Giuseppe Garibaldi's best friend was Giuseppe Mazzini, the head of several political communities, among which was Young Italy, in which Garibaldi was a member. It was friendship with Mazzini, or rather hyperactive participation in the movements against the Austrian invaders of Italy, which he headed, that led Garibaldi to participate in armed confrontations. After the failed capture under the name of Giuseppe Pane and the death sentence, Garibaldi was forced to flee the country.
In Rio de Janeiro, where Giuseppe moved in 1836, all the knowledge of maritime affairs gained in his youth was useful. Garibaldi, with the help of his new comrade Rossini, was able to equip the ship (which he named after his friend "Mazzini"): to assemble a crew, to hide some weapons among the goods. Later, an accidentally encountered golet was captured by Garibaldi. For the sake of safety, the revolutionary with the team got over on it and sank the Mazzini.
At this time (1848) in Italy the Resistance movement reaches its peak. The country is divided in half by France and Austria. Garibaldi found an opportunity to offer help with the return of lands to the king of the Sardinian kingdom, Charles Albert. He gathered a detachment of volunteers and led the opposition to the Austrians. Due to the clearly unequal forces of opponents, Garibaldi lost ground, but valor, courage, justice and competent battle management quickly spread among the Italians. In the same year, he was officially registered to serve in Rome, and was also elected to the National Assembly. With incredible efforts, the army under his command kept the city from attack by the French, moreover, it won a victory in the offensive against the neopolitans near Velletri and Palestine.
As a result of disagreements with Mazzini and the weakening of the defensive forces, the French conquered Rome, and Garibaldi himself was expelled from the country. For six long years he wandered around the USA, Morocco, Tunisia. And only in 1854 he was able to return to Italy, to the coast of Sicily, where he was able to create his estate.
After meeting with Cavour (May 1859), Sardinia received the support of France in the struggle against Austrian rule in the lands of Italy (for the transfer of Nice and Savoy to Napoleon III). Garibaldi was appointed Major General of Sardinia. However, the planned offensive on Rome failed due to the sudden refusal of the King of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel II, to support Giuseppe.
Frustrated, Garibaldi resigned his position as a deputy and disbanded the army, warning the command closest to him about possible imminent activity.
In 1860, Giuseppe finds two ships, with the help of which he conquers Sicily, Naples and the South of Italy. However, for inexplicable reasons, Garibaldi still gives the restored lands to the disposal of King Victor Emmanuel II, who renames them the Kingdom of Italy.
Throughout his life, Giuseppe was repeatedly rescued by oratorical skills in propaganda work. Many listened to his speech with open mouths. Campaign work with the inhabitants of Northern and Central Italy brought Garibaldi the national title of hero-liberator.
In 1871, Garibaldi offered his help to France in the Franco-Prussian War. He managed to win a number of battles. As a consequence, he received the post of deputy in France.
The great revolutionary died in 1882 in splendid isolation on the island of Kaper.
Personal life
The first wife was Anita Ribeira de Silva. She died pregnant from malaria, not having time to say goodbye to her beloved husband. This woman gave birth to her husband four children.
The second woman with whom Garibaldi wanted to link his life was Countess Raimondi. However, the love union broke up on the wedding day. The official marriage lasted 19 years.
Giuseppe's third love was the simple nurse of Garibaldi's little granddaughter, Francesca Armosino. She did not have any titles or special achievements. In marriage, they had three children.
