The dignity of the interview as a genre lies in the fact that the reader “sees” a living person, his feelings, his immediate reaction and a frank assessment. However, the paradox is that the main difficulty in creating the text of the interview is related to the same. The journalist must be able to establish contact with the interlocutor and direct his reasoning in the right direction. Knowledge about the types of interviews and the principles of preparing each of them will help in such work.
Instructions
Step 1
All types of interviews are divided into three large classes - informational, analytical and artistic and journalistic. When creating each of them, the journalist is given a special goal and objectives, in accordance with which the conversation with the interviewee is conducted.
Step 2
An informational interview is called eventful. When creating it, you must learn about all the significant details of the event from its participant. Therefore, it is worth asking questions that clarify the location of the incident, its essence, the number of participants, the features of the course of actions and the results. Do not try to collect as much information as possible at once - it needs to be structured so that the reader can see a vivid picture of the event through the eyes of another person. Such a text will resemble a short reportage.
Step 3
During the conversation, to create an analytical interview, the questions that draw an image of the situation are added with those that push the expert to analyze it. During the conversation, you should find out from the person what he sees as the reasons for the problem being discussed, what is its significance for society as a whole and its individual strata. Ask for a forecast of the development of the situation and ask what could be the ways out of the current problem.
Step 4
Within the framework of fictional journalism, an interview can take place in two forms: a sketch and a portrait. In the first case, with the help of leading questions, you help the interviewee create an image of an event. Unlike an informational interview, it is not so much the exact facts that are important here (although distortion of them, of course, is unacceptable), as small characteristic details that make the picture especially lively, humane, affecting the feelings of readers. Artistic and publicistic interview-portrait, in accordance with the title, creates an image of a particular person on the pages of newspapers and magazines. During such an interview, one must be especially sensitive to the interlocutor, be extremely tactful and sincere in order to arouse his disposition. Only after establishing contact can you ask questions that will become the starting point in the memories and reasoning of a person about his life. The role of the journalist in such an interview is not reduced to assessing the hero, but to "moderating" his story so that a portrait appears in the text as a result of introspection and reflection.