The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a power, the fall of which came as a shock to society and the largest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century. The formation of new states required large-scale changes at different levels.
Instructions
Step 1
The one-party system, represented by the Communist Party of the Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, collapsed. The activity of the only party in the country at the end of 1991 was banned. Two years later, the entire system of Soviets of People's Deputies was liquidated. New parties and social movements gradually emerged.
Step 2
1992 began with shock therapy in the form of price liberalization. The country has embarked on the path of market relations.
Step 3
Armed clashes due to interethnic conflicts in the territory of the former USSR. Hot spots: Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Tajikistan, Transnistria, Chechnya. For 8 years, about 5 million people became refugees, and about 100 thousand people died.
Step 4
National currencies appeared on the territory of the former Soviet republics, and the ruble zone disintegrated.
Step 5
Instead of a unified Armed Forces, military structures of individual states were formed. Employees of the former USSR were asked to take the oath of office in the respective new state or resign.
Step 6
Until 1997, friction continued between Russia and Ukraine over the status of the Black Sea Fleet. Then it was divided, and the Andreevsky flag appeared on the Russian ships.
Step 7
Nuclear weapons were taken from the former republics to Russia. Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belarus refused to be nuclear powers and transferred the atomic potential of the Russian Federation.
Step 8
After the collapse of the USSR, funding for Baikonur stopped. In 1994, an agreement was signed with Kazakhstan on a long-term lease of the cosmodrome.
Step 9
Independent states replaced Soviet passports with national ones. The citizenship of the population has changed. A visa regime has been established with Turkmenistan, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
Step 10
The territory of the Kaliningrad region was cut off from the rest of the regions of Russia. Crimea and the city of Sevastopol remained part of Ukraine, where they were transferred in 1954 as a sign of the reunification of Ukraine and Russia. Disagreements arose over the territorial boundaries between the new states. Some issues were only settled by 2007.
Step 11
All 15 former republics are recognized by the world community as independent and are represented in the UN. In international affairs, Russia became the successor of the USSR, which is recognized by other states.
Step 12
The citizens of the former USSR experienced painful experiences, some could not adapt to the changes and realize themselves in the new society.
