In ancient Greek mythology, muses are the patroness of the arts and sciences, designed to give inspiration. People worshiped muses and, in order to avoid their anger, erected temples for them, called museions. There were 9 muses in total, they were sisters, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne.
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Euterpe patronized lyric poetry and music. She is depicted with a flute. Euterpe is the muse of melodies born from the sounds of Nature, which symbolize purification.
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Calliope is the patroness of epic poetry and philosophy. It is usually depicted with waxed tablets and a stylus (writing lead). From the union with Apollo, Calliope gave birth to the sons Orpheus and Lin - the most famous singers and musicians in ancient Greek mythology. A calliope musical instrument, a steam organ, was named after this muse. The instrument is distinguished by loud and piercing sounds. Originally intended to replace church bells, it was used in circuses to lure visitors. The calliope was also installed on pleasure steamers, where musical numbers were performed on it.
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Melpomene is the patroness of tragedy. The genre of tragedy played an important role in fostering civic spirit and patriotism among the Greeks. Melpomene is depicted in a mantle on his shoulders and in a wreath of grape leaves in his hair. In one hand she holds a tragic mask, in the other - a club or sword. Melpomene is the mother of beautiful-voiced sirens. The muse has become a symbol of theatrical art. Actors are called the servants of Melpomene, and the theater is called the temple of Melpomene.
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Thalia is a comedy muse known for her beauty. She is portrayed in light clothes, with an ivy wreath on her head, in her hands she holds a comedic mask. She teaches people to look at themselves from the outside, encourages them to treat difficult situations in life with a smile and take their own mistakes as a lesson for the future.
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Polyhymnia is the muse of hymns and solemn music. She was depicted in multi-layered clothes, with a lyre or a scroll in her hands. Polyhymnia patronizes orators and people who study rhetoric. Its task is to help humanity to realize the true power of the word, with the help of which one can not only inspire the greatest deeds, but also injure and kill.
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Terpsichore is the muse of dancing and choral singing. Sometimes she is depicted dancing, but most often sitting and playing the lyre, but always with a constant smile on her face. The ability to dance was very revered among the Greeks; in ancient schools, dancing was even included in the compulsory curriculum. Terpsichore's vocation is to teach people harmony between body and soul. She inspires her fans to express thoughts and emotions through movement.
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Erato is the muse of love poetry. Her head is adorned with a wreath of roses, in the hands of the muse is a lyre and a plectrum. She inspires people to a sublime love that gives wings. Erato is especially revered by lovers, whom he calls for sacrifice and balance between bodily and spiritual joys.
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Clea is the patroness of history, "the bestower of glory." Patroness of poets who wrote about heroic deeds and battles. Since the poets themselves could not be present on the battlefields, they called on Clea to help restore the picture of what was happening. In addition, the muse inspires people to know themselves, helps to make a choice and find their purpose in life. This muse has the largest number of attributes. She is depicted with papyrus and slate lead, with a case for scrolls, sometimes holding a tablet in her hands - a board with letters. There are images of Clea in a laurel wreath (a symbol of valor and nobility) and with a trumpet (a symbol of glory).
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Urania is the patroness of astronomy. In her hands she holds a globe and a compass, which determines the distance between the stars. Urania inspires people to contemplate beauty. She encourages people to break away from the ordinary and pay attention to the greatness of the stars, in the reflection of which one can see the intricacies of their own destiny. Urania was especially revered by sailors, who were guided by the stars during their travels.
