The term "romanticism" touches upon the vast cultural layers of many European states. The concept of him is given back in school, in literature lessons and the MHC, nevertheless, many still continue to confuse a philosophical novel with a tabloid one, and a romantic hero with a romantic.
In fact, romanticism has nothing to do with romance. Romanticism is an ideological and artistic trend in European and American culture. The framework of this period is blurred, but basically they are defined as the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th century. Romanticism emerges as a response to classicism and the Enlightenment and, as a result, acts as their opponent. Interest in the industrial revolution, which has brought to the fore the achievements of science and technology, gives way to an interest in the human personality, in his inner world, the idea of unity with nature. A huge impetus to the emergence and development of romanticism was given by the Great French Revolution of 1789, or rather, its results, which did not justify the hopes of the people. But still, romanticism is arising in German literature, among the writers of the so-called Jena school - Tieck, Novalis, the Schlegel brothers. The philosophy of romanticism was greatly influenced by Arthur Schopenhauer. His work "The World as Will and Representation" created a real sensation in European philosophical thought - he seemed to his contemporaries extremely pessimistic, preaching total irrationalism - there is no special meaning in human existence, only a blind, animal thirst for life rules man. hero. A romantic hero is one who runs away from reality, from everyday life and ordinary people, “philistines” in the terminology of romantics. In the literature of romanticism, the motives of escape to exotic countries are very frequent, most often the romantic hero travels on water. The clearest example is Byron's Childe Harold. Byron had such a huge influence on romanticism in general that one of the subtypes of the romantic hero began to be called Byronic. Romantic writers show a great interest in fairy-tale motives - they create in their works that mythical world in which the romantic hero tries to hide from reality. The brothers Grimm, Theodor Hoffmann, are prominent representatives of such a "fabulous" trend. In Russian literature, Zhukovsky, Tyutchev, Pushkin and Lermontov became adherents of romanticism. Romanticism also developed in other forms of art - painting and music. Artists of romanticism challenged the masters of classicism - they argued that in classical works there is no soul and lust for life, they accused them of excessive rationalism. The brightest representatives of romanticism in painting were Theodore Gericault, Karl Lessing, Francisco Goya. The music of romanticism aimed at revealing the rich inner world of man. The composers of the Romantic era are Schubert, Hoffmann, Schumann, Paganini, Verdi, Chopin, Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, Balakirev, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Tchaikovsky.