The concept of perestroika came from the initiator and leader of the ideas for the structural reform of the economy and the principles of state governance - Mikhail Gorbachev, who came to power in 1985. The USSR at that time was on the brink of a deep social and economic crisis. The arms race was a heavy burden on the country's budget. All areas of life were in need of renewal.
Instructions
Step 1
They started talking about the first shortcomings in public administration back in 1985, however, the actual beginning of perestroika took place in 1987. A global rethinking of international relations is gradually beginning. The tension in the relations between the USSR and the USA decreased.
Step 2
Large-scale changes began at the end of 1987. From that moment on, a clear course was taken for major economic transformations, changes in the political system and the formation of new thinking. Widespread changes began: literature, cinema, culture, international relations, politics, agriculture - perestroika affected all spheres of life in the country.
Step 3
The main achievement of perestroika was the proclamation of the policy of openness and the lifting of many bans. Private entrepreneurship is legalized, many joint ventures with foreign companies are being created.
Step 4
In international politics, the main victory of perestroika was the fall of the Iron Curtain. This led to a completely new perspective in international relations with all states in the world. The USSR no longer seems to be an "evil empire", now this state is open and friendly.
Step 5
In addition to the obvious advantages, the period of perestroika leads to general instability in all spheres of life. The economy is gradually deteriorating and the new financial system is unstable.
Step 6
On the outskirts of a huge state, ideas of separatism are born and mature. The first clashes on ethnic grounds take place. The once mighty state begins to literally crack at all the seams, which ultimately led to its disintegration.
Step 7
In 1989, the USSR completely withdraws Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The Soviet Union ceases to support socialist regimes on the territory of other states. The socialist camp is crumbling. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the unification of Germany became a landmark event of that time.
Step 8
The beginning of the 90s was the logical conclusion of perestroika. The crisis in the economy deepened more and more, the level of crime is constantly growing, discontent is brewing in society. The foundations of the ideology of Marxism, as well as the 1917 revolution itself, are criticized. General anti-communist sentiments and empty shelves in shops finally completed the collapse of perestroika.
Step 9
The consequences of perestroika are extremely ambiguous. Its significance in history will be rethought by future generations more than once. Glasnost and the acquisition of social and political freedoms by society can be called positive aspects of perestroika. However, many bloody wars and the collapse of the USSR are still considered the most tragic moments in modern history.
