Translated from Latin, "culture" means "cultivation, tillage." In ancient times, this term meant the introduction of any changes in nature by man. There is no single, generally accepted definition of culture. In most cases, culture is understood as the historical totality of social, spiritual and industrial achievements of mankind.
In addition, culture, in a narrower sense, is a special sphere of the life of society, where the spiritual efforts of mankind, manifestations of feelings, creative activity, and achievements of reason are concentrated. The science of cultural studies deals with the study of culture. Also, various aspects of cultural life are studied by many other sciences - history, sociology, ethnography, linguistics, archeology, ethics, art history and others. Culture is a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon. It is an integral part of society, designed to perform certain functions. The most ancient function of culture is the adaptation of a person to the environment. Thanks to her, human society was able to find protection from the unfriendly forces of nature and even forced them to serve themselves. Primitive people learned to make clothes from animal skins, tamed fire, and as a result were able to populate vast territories. The next function of culture is the accumulation, storage and transmission of cultural values. This function helps a person to develop using the accumulated knowledge about the world. The mechanisms of cultural traditions work here, thanks to which the heritage accumulated over the centuries is preserved. In addition, culture creates values and guidelines for the entire society. The values created by culture are affirmed as the norms and requirements of society for all citizens, regulate their lives. The social component of culture makes it possible for each person to assimilate a certain system of norms and values, to be a full member of society. People excluded from cultural processes have difficulty adapting to life in human society. The communicative function of culture is very important. In today's world, there is a constant dialogue of cultures. History is transcending regional and national boundaries, becoming global. Culture, like a person, needs constant communication, the ability to compare oneself with others. True cultural values can only develop in interaction with other cultures. They grow on rich cultural soil.
