The Aachen Mark (German Aachen Marck) is the settlement, and later the currency of the city of Aachen, which was minted from 1615 to 1754. In 1920-1923, during the hyperinflation, metal and paper notgeldi stamps were produced in Aachen. In 2000, a commemorative coin was minted in Germany on the occasion of the 1200th anniversary of the completion of the construction of the Aachen Palace by Charles the Great.
History
On December 25, 800 in Rome, Pope Leo III crowned the Thracian King Charles as Holy Roman Emperor. At the end of VIII - beginning of IX, Charlemagne created in the free imperial city of the Roman throne, Aachen, the residence of the Roman emperors, who were crowned for a long time until the 16th century. In 1531, the last Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was crowned.
In 1166, the imperial mint was founded in the fortress of the city. From the 13th to the end of the 18th centuries, their own coins were minted, and the Cologne mark served as the unit for determining the weight. The first coins for Aachen began to be minted during the reign of King Louis IX of France (1226-1270) in the city of Tours and were called tornezi, or tornezigrish (French Tournose, Tournosegroschen).
These coins quickly spread among the population, since they satisfied their trading needs in the first place. Among the population, this coin had a more familiar name - shilling, or solid. The solid was divided into 20 denarii, which were called tornesiparvi, or tornesinigri (Turonenses Parvi, Turonenses Nigri) because of the reddish tint of low-grade silver. The best quality coins were called Albus. The name tornesi was also used by neighboring European states. Typical obverse on all Aachen silver coins: a bust of a saint, or regent of Aachen. Below, the city's coat of arms was minted on a shield. On the reverse of the coins, at the beginning, a large cross was depicted, later the coat of arms of Aachen, or the designation of the denomination.
During the time of the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV (1328-1347), coins with the name sterling were minted. These coins completely followed the English coins of the time of King Edward I (1272-1307).
Starting from 1373, Juncheitsgroschen (German Juncheitsgroschen) appeared in circulation. In Central and Western Europe, the year of manufacture was first minted on these coins. In the XIII-XV centuries, in addition to the listed coins, pfenigs were in circulation. In 1420, galleys appeared in circulation. On the first galleys, the denomination value was not knocked out. At the beginning of minting, coins were made from low-grade silver, and from 1573 from copper. In the 50s of the 18th century, a new value of the coin began to be minted on the denominated galleys with a new stamp. For example, 4 depreciated galleys were coined into 12 galleys.
Since 1790, during the French occupation, the Aachen Mint lost the right to mint its own coins, but galleys continued to be minted clandestinely until 1797. In 1568, the talar was introduced into circulation, which was responsible for the design and content of pure silver to the European standard of that time. Coins were minted ½, ½, 1 and 2 thalers (called dupeltaler, or double thaler (German: Doppeltaler)).
In 1644 the last silver thaler was minted. For trading operations, gold guilders weighing 3.5 grams and with a pure gold content of 986 samples began to be widely used. In 1640, the gold trade guilder was replaced by a ducat with the same gold content.
Hyperinflationary notes
Beginning in August 1921, the German population began to buy up foreign currency, which only accelerated the depreciation of the mark. In the first half of 1922, 320 marks were equal to 1 US dollar, and in December the dollar rose 15 times. In addition, the devalued brand has completely lost its purchasing power, creating an impossible environment for the purchase of foreign currency or gold. In November 1923, 1 US dollar was worth 4,210,500,000,000 marks.
During the hyperinflation, banknotes were printed in Aachen:
1922: 500 marks 1923: 5, 50, 100, 500 thousand, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 million, 1, 100 billion, 1 billion marks
