Federal law is a normative legal act issued by the federal legislative body of the Russian Federation and regulating the most important and fundamental aspects of public relations and state life.
Instructions
Step 1
A normative legal act is an act containing legal norms, that is, rules governing certain aspects of social relations. Normative acts are subdivided into laws and by-laws.
Step 2
A law is an act of supreme legal force, containing norms regulating the most important aspects of public and state life, and is designed for repeated application. The law is adopted exclusively by the legislative authorities of the Russian Federation. The law adopted by the Federal Assembly is federal and is valid throughout the territory of the state; the law adopted by the regional parliament is the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and is valid only within the boundaries of the corresponding region.
Step 3
By-law, however, is an act based on the norms of the law, issued and applied by the executive authorities on the basis of and in pursuance of the provisions of the law. In terms of legal force, a by-law is below the law and must contradict its norms.
Step 4
The laws in the Russian Federation include the Constitution, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. By-laws are decrees of the President, Government decrees, orders, provisions of federal ministries, departments, services, decisions of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Step 5
Federal law is a normative legal act dedicated to the most important aspects of the economic, social, political life of society and the state. The list of the most important public relations, according to which federal laws are adopted, is indicated in the Constitution of the Russian Federation - this is the establishment of a system of federal bodies of state power, the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, the foundations of economic, social, cultural, tax, budgetary, financial policy of Russia, defense, security, public service, foreign policy, state border protection, criminal, civil legislation, etc. Federal laws include, for example, the Law "On the Police" - regulating the activities of this law enforcement agency, or the Law "On Education" - establishing the legal basis education in the Russian Federation. Codes of the Russian Federation, for example, Criminal, Civil or Labor, are also federal laws.
Step 6
In terms of legal force, the federal law is superior to all other normative acts of the Russian Federation, with the exception of the Constitution, federal constitutional laws, and also the norms of international law. The prefix "federal" means that the norms of the federal law are binding on the entire territory of the Russian Federation, in all its constituent entities. When the law of the subject of the Russian Federation contradicts the federal law - by legal force it is higher than the norms of the federal law, except for the cases specified in part 6 of Article 76 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Step 7
The procedure for adopting a federal law is called the legislative process and is regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The law is adopted and entered into force on the territory of the Russian Federation, when it is submitted for consideration to both chambers of the Federal Assembly (State Duma and the Federation Council), considered by the chambers, adopted by them, and then signed and promulgated by the President of the Russian Federation.
