The Hebrew calendar is considered to be the most difficult of all, as it is periodic and includes special calculations. The calendar is both lunar and solar at the same time, so the rules for calculating time are very problematic.
Instructions
Step 1
Initially, the Hebrew calendar was an ordinary lunar system of time, in which there were 12 lunar months in a year and 29 or 30 days in each month. The first month was called Aviv, and the rest - by its ordinal number. Then, under the influence of Babylonia, the months received different names.
Step 2
The main feature of the Jewish calendar is non-periodicity, so the number of months can vary from 12 to 13, and the year can only start on certain days of the week. Month 13 is added to a leap year, i.e. 1 time in 7 years.
Step 3
The Jewish months do not coincide with the months of the traditional calendars and have different names. The 12 months of the Jewish year are divided into 4 seasons: spring includes Nisan, Iyar, Sivan; summer - tamuz, av, elul; autumn - tishrei, hashvan, kislev; winter - tevet, shevat, adar. The month added to a leap year is called adar bet and is 30 days.
Step 4
Since ancient times, the rabbis have watched the birth of the month in heaven and then proclaimed the beginning of a new calendar month. In addition, they made sure that the holidays came at specific times of the year. Since the lunar calendar is 10 days shorter than the solar one, every year the holidays would shift by a certain number of days, so the rabbis added the 13th month from time to time to coordinate the time.
Step 5
The Jews have a large number of holidays and other special days in their calendar, the advent of which should be celebrated in a certain way. Jewish holidays are divided into 2 types: historical (Passover, Hanukkah, etc.) and sacred (Shabbat, New Year of trees, etc.). Historical holidays are evidence of the existence of God and the fact that he intervenes in the lives of Jews to help them. Observance of these holidays is very important because refers to the area of keeping the commandments. Holy holidays remind that God is the creator of the world.
Step 6
The most significant Jewish holidays: New Year of the Trees - the fifteenth day of the month of Shevat, when the rainy season ends and nature is reborn. Purim is the holiday of saving Jews from extermination according to Haman's plan. Passover is celebrated in the month of Nisan and signifies the exodus of the Jews from Egypt. On this day, Jews gather at the festive table and remember the history of their people and family. Israel's Independence Day falls on Iyar 5 and is celebrated with a military parade and receptions. Shavuot (6 Sivan) is the day when God gave the Torah to the Jews, i.e. Ten Commandments. Doomsday (Tishrei 10) is the day when God decides the fate of people. On this day, Jews ask God for forgiveness for their deeds, analyze their sins.
Step 7
Jews use the biblical method of timing. So, a new day comes when the sun sets, and not at midnight, as in other systems. The evening hours are perceived by Jews as the beginning of a new day and therefore it is customary to spend them in thought.
