The Moscow Metro was founded back in Soviet times and is currently the fifth most used metro system. Only the Seoul, Beijing, Tokyo and Shanghai subways are ahead. In the USSR, the metro performed several functions at once - the potential protection of the population in critical situations, and also served as an example of the art of the time of socialist realism.
Start of construction of the subway
The first section of the Moscow metro opened on May 15, 1935. It was a section of the Sokolnicheskaya (red) line - from the Sokolniki metro station itself to the Park Kultury station. Also on this site were the stations "Krasnoselskaya", "Komsomolskaya", "Krasnye Vorota", "Chistye Prudy", "Okhotny Ryad" and "Library named after Lenin". Then the metro did not yet bear the name of V. I. Lenin, and was called by the name of L. M. Kaganovich.
Park Kultury is not only one of the oldest metro stations in Moscow, but also the deepest. Its depth is 10, 5 meters.
The Park Kultury station got its name due to its proximity to the Gorky Park of Culture and Leisure. A shorter “name” of this metro station was given in 1980, and the project names were “Krymskaya” and “Krymskaya Ploshchad”. The "Park of Culture" was built by the employees of Distance No. 8 of Mosmetrostroy. The main architects of the project were G. T. Krutikov and V. S. Popov.
The name "Sokolniki" is consistent with the historical district of Moscow - Sokolnicheskaya Sloboda. The depth of this station is 9 meters. The design work was carried out by architects I. G. Taranov and N. A. Bykov. The construction was entrusted to the employees of Distance No. 4 of Mosmetrostroy.
The decision to build a subway was made as an adequate alternative to tram transport, which was heavily overloaded in the 30s of the last century. The route from Park Kultury to Sokolniki station repeated the main route of the busiest tram line. The construction work of the first stations started in November 1931 within a small section on Rusakovskaya Street. They were built in an open way.
The official opening of the first section of the Moscow metro was accompanied by large-scale festive events, which brought together many Muscovites and prominent Soviet party leaders.
The metro of the Russian capital is currently
The current system of underground and ground transportation of passengers consists of 12 lines - Sokolnicheskaya, Zamoskvoretskaya, Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, Filevskaya, Koltseva, Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya, Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya, Kalininskaya, Serpukhovo-Timiryazevskaya, Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya, Kakhovskaya and Butovskaya.
The Moscow Monorail also operates within the metro, connecting several stations in the northern half of the capital. However, recently the issue of closing the monorail as unprofitable has been constantly discussed.
The total length of all lines exceeds 325 kilometers on a double-track basis. The Moscow Metro has 194 stations, 44 of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. According to the plans of the capital's government, by 2020 the length of the lines will increase by 137 kilometers, and the number of stations - by 62. Very soon, new stations will start operating in Moscow - Troparevo, Rumyantsevo, Salaryevo, Kotelniki, Spartak "," Technopark "and others. According to statistics, the Moscow metro annually transports about 2.5 billion people.
