The difficult fate of the greatest Russian classic Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky gave him the basis for many reflections. During his lifetime, he was not understood by his contemporaries, but after his death his works are recognized as the most valuable in Russian literature.
early years
On October 30, 1821, one of the most outstanding and famous Russian writers around the world, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, was born in Moscow. He grew up in a family subject to strictly patriarchal orders, which had seven children. The life and routine of the entire Dostoevskys' house depended on the service regime of the father of the family, who worked as a physician in a local hospital. Wake up at six, lunch at twelve, and exactly at nine o'clock in the evening the family had supper, read prayers and went to bed. The routine was repeated from day to day. At family evenings and events, parents often read the greatest works of Russian literature and history, which formed the creative mind of the future writer.
When Fyodor Mikhailovich was only 16 years old, his mother suddenly died. The father was forced to send Fyodor and his older brother, Mikhail, to the Main Engineering School in St. Petersburg, even though both boys dreamed of studying literature.
Fyodor Mikhailovich did not like studying at all, because he was sure that this was not his vocation. He devoted all his free time to reading and translating literature, both domestic and foreign. In 1838, he and his comrades created a literature circle, which included Berezhetsky, Beketov, Grigoriev. Five years later, Dostoevsky was given the position of engineer, but he left it a year later and devoted himself to creativity.
In 1845, the Russian writer published one of his most famous novels, Poor People. They began to call him "the new Gogol". Nevertheless, the next work, "The Double", was very coldly received by critics and the public. After that, he tried himself in a variety of genres - comedy, tragicomedy, story, story, novel.
Accusations and reference
Dostoevsky was convicted of spreading criminal thoughts against religion, although he denied all charges. He was sentenced to death, but at the last moment the decision was canceled and he was replaced by a four-year hard labor in Omsk. In The Idiot, Fyodor Mikhailovich conveyed his feelings before the execution, and he painted the image of the protagonist from himself. The history of serving hard labor is described in "Notes from the House of the Dead".
Life after hard labor
In 1857, the writer gets married for the first time. Dostoevsky and his first wife, Maria, did not have their own children, but they had an adopted son, Pavel. The whole family moved to St. Petersburg in 1859. During this period, he wrote one of the most recognized works - "The Humiliated and Insulted".
1864 was a tragic year for the philosopher. His older brother dies, followed by his wife. He is fond of gambling, takes a lot of loans and gets into debt. To get at least some money, he writes the novel "The Gambler" in exactly 21 days with the participation of stenographer Anna Grigorievna Snitkina. Anna becomes his second wife and takes care of all the financial issues of the family. They had four children. The following years are the most fruitful in the author's career. He writes the novel "Demons", then - "Teenager" and the key work of his entire life path - "The Brothers Karamazov".
The Russian thinker and philosopher died of tuberculosis in 1881, at the age of 59, in St. Petersburg. All of the author's works are imbued with the spirit of Russian realism and personalism, which should not have been accepted by his contemporaries. He was recognized as a classic of Russian and even world literature of the 19th century after his death.
In 2002, four novels by Dostoevsky were included in the list of one hundred best books of the Norwegian Book Club, which includes the most significant works of world literature according to one hundred writers from fifty-four countries of the world. The writers opted for such works of the Russian classics as Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, Demons and The Brothers Karamazov. The novels of the greatest Russian writer are studied in schools, filmed in films and staged in the theater to this day.
