The concept of power in the history of mankind originated in primitive society, when the most experienced and strong member of the tribe began to give instructions to his fellow tribesmen. Over time, the need to manage society only grew, so in the modern world one cannot do without authorities.
Power and its organs
Political power is understood as the ability of a limited group of individuals (or even one person) to exercise control and management of the state and its citizens, guided by various considerations. The schemes of such management can be different depending on the political system and social order. Various mechanisms for the exercise of powers affect the principle of formation and composition of government bodies, as well as its branches. Traditionally, the most viable system is considered to be a system in which there are three branches independent from each other: legislative, executive and judicial. Obviously, in this version, one authority carries out legislative activity, proceeding from the interests of society, the other implements the adopted laws, and the third monitors their observance.
It is necessary to distinguish between authorities and state bodies, which, although they are part of the system of public administration, do not have power.
Authorities are elements of the power structure that directly govern the state and society. Their main feature is precisely the presence of certain powers. As a rule, they are divided according to the scale of influence on federal and regional authorities. In turn, regional bodies can be both part of the public administration system and be part of the structure of local self-government. In most cases, local government is represented only by the executive branch of government, that is, its only function is to enforce laws adopted at the state or regional level.
Authority structure
The authorities are divided both horizontally (into three branches) and vertically: the state level, regional and local. Depending on the constitution of the state, the scheme may change, however, in most countries there is an additional supreme authority (president or monarch), which does not participate directly in the work of the bodies, but controls their activities for the best joint functioning.
In the Russian Federation, all judicial authorities belong to the federal level, regardless of the instance of the court.
The formation of government bodies takes place in accordance with the current legislation and the political system. For example, in democracies, legislative bodies of power, as a rule, are formed by the results of elections, and in a dictatorship, all power, in fact, belongs to a limited group of persons or generally to one person, and the authorities under his control are created based on his wishes and interests.
