For centuries, the rulers of Ancient Egypt were buried in the pyramids built during their lifetime. In principle, the design of the tombs and the internal layout of the premises changed little. Therefore, you can consider their structure using the example of the Cheops pyramid.
Instructions
Step 1
Unlike the pyramids built earlier, which consisted of blocks fastened with clay mortar, the tomb of Pharaoh Cheops is built of huge monoliths that are not fastened by anything except their own weight. For a snug fit, the stone was cut to perfect horizontality, so that it was impossible to push even a knife blade between the blocks.
Step 2
The pyramid, built in the XXVI century BC. e., rose to 146, 6 meters. A total of 210 rows of masonry from 2 million stone blocks. The base was a square with a side of 230.4 m, oriented strictly to the cardinal points. Exploring the geometry of architecture, scientists hypothesized that the builders of the Cheops pyramid were familiar not only with astronomy, but also with the number π = 3, 14….
Step 3
At the base, the structure is faced with granite. The main entrance to the interior is located on the north side. It was discovered after part of the cladding was removed. Now, to visit the pyramid, tourists use the entrance, which is located several meters below the main one. It was pierced by robbers and treasure hunters many years ago.
Step 4
There are three rooms in the tomb. A sloping corridor 105 m long from the entrance leads to the lowest chamber carved into the rock. Until now, it has not been possible to establish its purpose (in other pyramids there are no such premises). From this abandoned unfinished "extra" room, an almost vertical opening leads upward, ending in a grotto. All researchers agree that all these passages and niches existed before the construction of the tomb.
Step 5
The main rooms are located in the center of the pyramid. An ascending corridor 40 m long, starting a few meters from the entrance, ends with the Great Gallery and the entrance to the Pharaoh's chamber 5.3 m wide, 10.5 m long and 5.8 m high. Here, in the western corner, millennia after the burial, archaeologists found a rough a hewn sarcophagus, an open lid nearby and no decorations. Outside, narrow air ducts lead to the chamber, also oriented to the cardinal points.
Step 6
The Queen's room is located a few meters below. A horizontal corridor from the Great Gallery leads to it. It is slightly smaller than the tomb of the Pharaoh and is not so carefully finished, but it is also located strictly on the west-east axis. A niche has been carved into one of the walls. Presumably, there was a statue of a ruler and a husband in it.
Step 7
Above all the rooms, scientists discovered unloading chambers with a total height of 17 m. They were designed to take the weight of a million stone tons onto their vaults. On their walls, inscriptions were found left by the builders of the great pyramid, the Wonder of the World that has survived to this day.
