Gabdulla Tukai is a Tatar publicist and folk poet, translator and literary critic. The founder of the nation's poetic tradition, a public figure contributed to the development of the Tatar language.
It is impossible to overestimate the contribution made by Gabdulla Mukhamedgarifovich Tukai. Many writers have become the followers of the author.
On the eve of glory
The biography of the famous poet began in 1886. The child was born on April 14 (26) in the village of Kushlavich. The boy's parents died early.
The future writer was raised by his grandfather for several years, then foster families in Kazan and the village of Kyrlay. In the village, hands were never superfluous. Tukay was used to working from early childhood from morning to night.
In 1895 Gabdulla went to Uralsk to visit a relative. At the house of his aunt's spouse, he began to study. Tukai demonstrated considerable abilities in many directions. The gifted young man did not go unnoticed by the teachers. From the age of nineteen, the future poet was engaged in translations into Russian.
He began his literary work with Krylov's fables. Poetry made such an impression on Tukay that he was seriously carried away by translations into Tatar of the works of Russian writers. Readers were happy to get acquainted with the works of great writers.
Vocation
The works of the young author were first published in 1904 in the magazine "New Age". At first, the poet adhered to the Arab-Persian traditions, then his poetry acquired new features.
The translator was greatly influenced by the works of Lermontov and Pushkin. They inspired him. The brightest motives are embedded in the works of the Tatar author.
It is noticeable in the work of Tukay a difficult time, starting from 1905. He wrote poignant pamphlets in his native language, poetry. Popular periodicals gladly published his creations.
From a proofreader and typesetter, Gabdulla gradually moved on to an employee of the publishing house. He took an active part in the public life of the country. The Muslim school was abandoned in 1907. The works of the author of that period are filled with calls for the fighting spirit of compatriots. Fight for the honor of the motherland was offered to fellow citizens.
Literary activity
It turned out to be difficult for Tukay to understand the reasons for the defeat of the movement for change. Disappointment is noticeable in his poems. The author returned to Kazan to develop literature in his hometown.
He met progressive youth and began writing satirical works. During the year, several essays, journalistic and poetic compositions were created. Their main theme was concern for the people, faith in justice, optimism, exaltation of dignity and honor.
The writer's works were published by the magazines Molniya and Zarnitsa. Having gained experience, the writer created a series of works, among which was dedicated to a friend, "The blessed memory of Khusain."
On paper, the poet directly expressed his feelings, shared his opinion with readers. His poems “Return to Kazan” and “Oppression” clearly show a departure from the world of illusions, an objective assessment of reality.
The writer was in demand in his chosen profession. The works created from 1911-2012 were written under the influence of nostalgic reflections on patriotism and homeland.
The writer visited Astrakhan, went to St. Petersburg through Ufa. On the trip, he met the poet Nariman Narimanov and the writer Mazhit Gafuri.
Private life and creativity
Shy and timid Gabdulla did not dare to arrange his personal life. Zaytuna Mavlyudova, carried away by him, organized their acquaintance herself. After the first meeting, the girl realized that her idea was unsuccessful, as the young author looked embarrassed. However, they did not part. Several more meetings followed. Zaytuna and Gabdulla attended a literary evening together, walked. The parting took place after the girl left for Chistopol. Until the last days, she retained warm feelings for the poet.
Tukay himself never got a wife, did not create a family. He did not have a single child. The departure of the writer from life on April 2 (15), 1913 turned into a great loss for literature.
The writer remained in the history of art of Tatarstan forever. In his works, the aesthetic concept of the development of national culture and literature under the flag of realism and nationality is noticeable. The writer became the founder of the Tatar language and literature.
Memory
He enthusiastically studied folklore, oral ethno-creation and its creative processing. Tukay created poems and fairy tales on their basis. On the basis of the national heritage were written "River Witch", "Leshy" ("Shurale").
For the first time, poems for children were written in the vernacular. The author became the voice of his people after the first samples of Tatar poetry.
Interest in the author's heritage is maintained at the state level. The philharmonic society in Kazan and the printing house in Uralsk are named after Tukai. In the field of art, the State Prize of Tatarstan is awarded, named after the poet. 2011 in the member countries of TURKSOY (International Organization of Turkic Culture) is declared the "Year of Tukay".
In honor of the translator and publicist, annual holidays are held on the Day of the Republic and his birth. A motor ship called "Poet Gabdulla Tukai" runs along the rivers.
In memory of the publicist, a literary museum was opened, a monument was erected, a photo of the writer is adorned with literature textbooks. A site with a description of the biography of a public figure is personally dedicated to Tukai, examples of his works are given.
