According to the classification of the International Federation of Aeronautics, FAI, a flight is considered to be space flight, the height of which exceeds 100 km from ground level. The US Air Force gives a different interpretation of space travel, believing that the altitude of such a flight exceeds 50 miles, which is 80 km 467 m. In Russia, space flight is called an orbital flight, when in one launch it is necessary to make a revolution around the Earth, regardless of distance. Every year, spacecraft take off around the world with a carefully trained crew. The goals of the flights differ from each other, but the craving for new discoveries and the study of other planets remain unchanged.
Space flights have been around for about 100 years. However, the first traveler was not a man, scientists, after much research and careful preparation, successfully transported several animals into the galaxy. These scouts included dogs, rabbits, even insects and microbes. Once a little black mouse-astronaut stayed above the Earth for about 24 hours. After landing the ship on the ground, several white hairs were found in the fur of the animal, turned gray from cosmic rays, but the animal itself was alive and well.
After a successful experiment, a light-haired two-year-old dog that weighed 5 kg was sent into space. Such requirements for the parameters were dictated by the need, it is for such an animal that it is easiest to observe from the ground from a special device. Scientists insisted that a yard dog go on the flight, and finally settled on Laika's candidacy. Despite good flight conditions, the dog did not return from space. Legendary followers Laiki Belka and Strelka flew more successfully and landed on the ground in due time. Only after that people began to fly in spaceships.
There are relatively few astronauts on the ground, no more than 600 people, flights are made after the training of each pilot. In 2013, the Soyuz spacecraft commander Pavel Vinogradov, a native of the Magadan Region, went into space, for whom, unlike his partner, newcomer Roman Romanenko, this is already the third flight.
On April 19, 2013, the crew went into open space, where it was planned to open the transfer hatches. This experiment should have at least six outputs. In the spring, the Russian cosmonauts were ordered to install the equipment of the Experiment "Situation" on the module "Zvezda". Such manipulation turned out to be necessary, a whole team of scientists worked on its development for more than one year. With the help of the installed station, it will be possible to study plasma-wave processes in the planet's ionosphere on special monitors located on the ground.
But this is not the only task facing the cosmonauts; they still have to replace the target of the videometer. This will allow in the future to find contact between the ISS and the European cargo vehicle called ATV-4, and in the future to dismantle the panel with structural materials and one container with microorganisms.
For the first time in the history of astronautics, taxes were paid on board the ship via the Internet. Pavel Vinogradov The Soyuz TMA-07M crew has already made a safe landing, and on May 29, 2013, a new expedition is planned on another ship, the Soyuz TMA-09M. The future crew consisting of Roscosmos cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin, NASA astronaut Karen Nyberg and ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano is already undergoing training.
