The biography of the famous Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz is replete with many revolutionary events. Defender of the political interests of Poles, who made his contribution to the literary heritage, is still a national hero.
Parents. Childhood. Youth
The future poet was born in the Lithuanian province of the Novogrudok district on December 24, 1798. The birth of the boy was preceded by the third partition of Poland (1795). And Mitskevichi, by the will of fate, were subjects of the Russian Empire. Parents: Barbara Mayevskaya and Mikolaj Mitskevich. Mom is from a prosperous and prosperous family. Father is a lawyer, a hereditary nobleman, an active supporter of the independence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was a colleague of Kosciuszko, participated in the uprising of 1794. The father's worldview played a big role in the fate and work of Adam Bernard Mickiewicz.
In addition to Adam, three more brothers grew up in the family: František, Alexander and Kazimierz. The age difference was small: two, three years. The family lived happily and happily, but not carelessly. The dream of the independence of the Polish state belonged to the Mickiewicz family. Hopes were pinned on France and Napoleon. The year 1812 began tragically - his father died. But there were good news for the family - Napoleon attacked Russia. But the usurper was defeated, the Mitskevichi witnessed his flight. To the defeat of the idol was added poverty that came to the family. In 1815, Adam began to study exact sciences at the famous Vilnius University. The Russian government pays for the studies. A year later, the young student is fond of history and philology. In 1818 he published his first poem "City Winter", in 1820 the second - "Ode to Youth".
Youth. Patriotic aspirations
After receiving a university education, Adam Mitskevich moved to the Lithuanian city of Kovno (now Kaunas), where he became a teacher. He served in this position until 1823. He actively displayed his political views. He considered Lithuania and Poland homeland. He was interested in folk traditions, literature in the Belarusian, Lithuanian and Polish languages, communicated with patriotic students. Meetings of like-minded friends were secret. They were educational and political in nature. The rebellious spirit and special atmosphere of free thought that surrounded Mickiewicz contributed to the poet's participation in the formation of free speech in the Commonwealth. This activity ended with an accusation of unreliability and imprisonment. Adam Mickiewicz was not imprisoned for long. In the spring of 1824 he was released on bail.
Adam leaves Lithuania. Goes to travel across Russia. Visits Petersburg, Odessa, Crimea, Moscow. In the white stone, he finds himself in 1825. Where two things happen. He unsuccessfully tries to marry and successfully enters the service in the office of the Governor-General. The official's career did not work out. In 1828, Adam left the service and moved to St. Petersburg. This period of life is associated with literary success. The collection of poems "Sonnets" and the poem "Konrad Wallenrod" are published. His work was appreciated by Pushkin. Pushkin's adherents Vyazemsky and Delvig remained indifferent to Mitskevich's poetic talent. Romanticism and patriotism were reflected in Mickiewicz's poetry and political views. They (political views) made him friends with the future Decembrists: Ryleev, Muravyov, Bestuzhev and others.
Life in Europe
In 1829, the poet left the capital of the empire abroad. In Germany, he attends Hegel's lectures, travels to Switzerland and Italy. In July 1830, a second revolutionary wave swept across France. This excites the Polish gentry. Supporters of the free Rzecz Pospolita are becoming more active. In November 1830, an uprising began in the Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian counties. The poet, romantic and revolutionary remains aloof from him. In 1831 he went to Dresden and then to Paris.
Adam is actively involved in political activities, is engaged in literary work a lot. In 1834 he finished the poem "Pan Tadeusz". This work describes the events taking place in the former principality of Lithuania. The Poles immediately awarded him the title of a national epic, and the author became a national hero. After the publication of this epic work, Adam Mickiewicz practically abandoned poetry. He taught at the College de France. He was still involved in politics. Suddenly he was carried away by mysticism. He took an active part in the meetings of one of the sects, which declared the French and Poles to be exceptional nations. The sectarians thought Napoleon was almost the governor of God, proclaiming an imminent new coming. For these hobbies, the poet was removed from teaching.
Personal life
In the same year that Pan Tadeusz was published, Mickiewicz married Celina, the daughter of Jozef and Maria Szymanowski. In this marriage, six children were born. Caring for the family, attempts to ensure material well-being took a lot of effort and were not very successful. In 1855, Adam Mickiewicz's beloved wife died. The poet's life has undergone another turn. He went to Constantinople. Guided by the ideas of fighting the Russian Empire, he is trying to create a Polish and Jewish legions. These units were supposed to ensure the victory of France and England in the Crimean War. The European powers won without the participation of Mickiewicz's legions.
On November 26, 1855, Adam Bernard Miscavige died. The cause of death was cholera disease. The poet, endlessly devoted to his country, spent most of his life and found eternal peace outside his homeland.
