The history of the monarchy goes back many centuries. The ritual inheritance of the throne with the understanding of the emperor as the Anointed One of God was considered the birth of a new history. But for a long time, there are also known cases of renunciation of the royal heritage.
The king is dead - long live the king
It was after the departure of the deceased ruler, as a rule, that troubles and schisms began in the state. It was impossible for an ordinary person of the late Middle Ages to imagine that a representative of divine dominion could somehow descend from the heights of power.
Why this happened is still debated by many individual historians and entire schools. But there is one answer common to different concepts - the model of power.
In the Roman Empire, the emperor could not renounce his own power simply because power was passed down not only from generation to generation. As often happened, judging by various historical sources, it was not the children of the ruling dynasty that became the heirs to the throne.
And with a favorable coincidence of circumstances and political successes of one or another force, the "first person" was a person who, in principle, had nothing to do with the authorities.
Later, when contract killings of emperors or their deaths in war gave way to subtle intrigues, a new model of state governance began to appear - the monarchy.
New story
After the monarchy took root, a constitution and a corresponding monarchical branch were created on its basis. Since then, there has been a tendency to abdicate power, often in favor of their children.
For example, Charles V of Habsburg, Emperor of the Netherlands, abdicated the throne. He tried to build a pan-European Holy Roman Empire, the idea of which failed and his rule became impossible for him, and his son Philip became the new ruler.
And the famous Napoleon Boanaparte twice became the emperor of France and twice he was deprived of the throne.
In fact, the established monarchical power is a consistent transfer of affairs to the future heir, starting from his childhood. For power to pass bloodlessly, many rulers gave it to their children before the end of their reign. For this, a Public Assembly is formed, which accepts the abdication of the emperor or empress.
Logically, such power should end with the death of the ruler, but in order for it to pass to one of the children, the head of state officially announces his intention, naming the name of the successor.
Such a political technique - abdication, has been known since the establishment of the monarchy as the most widespread form of government in Europe.
In recent European history, in 2013 and 2014, there were two more voluntary abdications: the Belgian king Albert II and the king of Spain Juan Carlos abdicated the throne in favor of their sons, signing the corresponding documents in the presence of parliamentary representatives.
In Russia
There has not been a single voluntary renunciation in our history. The death of Ivan the Terrible, which led to the abolition of the Rurik dynasty, the conspiracy against Paul I, intrigues among Peter's entourage, and much more testify to the difficult transition of family power. After each such incident, turmoil and almost complete dissolution of the state in the next conqueror began.
The first emperor to abdicate in the 20th century was Nicholas II. It was the tragic collapse of the state that led to the abdication of the sovereign. The relinquishment of power was formally voluntary, but in reality it took place under powerful pressure from circumstances.
This refusal was made by the Tsar's signature of renunciation in favor of the "people", in reality represented by the Bolsheviks. After that, a new story began in Russia.
