The ideas of communism, which so quickly gained popularity and changed the picture of the world of their era, were attractive for their novelty and called for a complete change in the entire vector of political and state development. That is why they so easily entered the minds and hearts of people.
Communism as such
Communism is a term derived from the Latin word commūnis (“general”) and means “ideal world”, a model of society in which there is no social inequality, private property does not exist and everyone has the right to the means of production that ensure the existence of society as a whole. The concept of communism also included a gradual decrease in the role of the state with its subsequent withering away as unnecessary, as well as money, and the responsibility of each person to society under the slogan "from each according to his ability - to each according to his needs." By themselves, the definitions of the concept of "communism" given in different sources differ from each other, although they voice general ideas.
The main ideas of communism
In 1848, Karl Marx formulated the basic tenets of communism - a sequence of steps and changes that will make possible the transition from the capitalist model of society to the communist one. He read it out in the Communist Manifesto, published on February 21st.
The main idea of the manifesto was the alienation of private ownership of land and the collection of land use fees to the state treasury instead of private owners. In addition, according to the ideas of Marx, a tax was to be introduced depending on the level of the payer's security, a state monopoly on the banking system - centralization of credit in the hands of the state with the help of a national bank with one hundred percent state capital, and the transfer of the entire transport system into the hands of the state (alienation of private property on transport lines).
Labor obligations in the form of labor detachments were introduced for everyone without exception, especially in the field of agriculture, the principle of inheritance was abolished and the property of emigrants was alienated in favor of the state. New state factories were to be built, creating, first of all, new means of production. It was planned to introduce centralized agriculture at the expense of the state and under its control. Particular importance was attached to the unification of agriculture with industry, the gradual merger of town and country, the elimination of differences between them. In addition, general free upbringing and education of children and educational measures combined with the production process were to be introduced, child labor in factories was abolished.
On the territory of Russia, these ideas were embodied in Marxist-Leninist philosophy, the ideology of the working class, which called for the overthrow of the capitalist system and the struggle of the proletariat to build a communist society. Marxism-Leninism was officially enshrined as the state ideology of the USSR in the 1977 constitution and existed in this form until the collapse of the Soviet Union.
