Modern anthropologists were able to prove that the Cro-Magnon type man has been inhabiting for 40 thousand years. It was during these periods that humanity underwent social evolution, not biological. Despite this, it can be noted that the first state formations were heard only five thousand years ago.
People of the current species existed for a very long time without knowing the state. The first cell of human self-organization was the community, which was otherwise called the primitive clan community, that is, a tribe, a clan, a union. For most of the peoples of the world, the tribal community was formed in two stages: matriarchy and patriarchy. One of the main periods - matriarchy is characteristic of the development and formation of the tribal system. The dominant place in this period is occupied only by a woman, since earning a livelihood is her main responsibility. And kinship is determined only by the maternal line, while all members of the genus are descendants of one female representative. Patriarchy becomes the main form of organization much later. It arises with the emergence of agriculture, metal smelting and cattle breeding, that is, with the emergence of social production. As a result, male labor directly prevails over female labor. The maternal community is giving way to the patriarchal community, where, in turn, kinship is carried out only along the male line. The primitive tribal community is a community of people created directly on the basis of collective labor, blood kinship, as well as common ownership of products and tools. Thanks to these conditions, equality of social status arose, as well as a special relationship between the genus and the unity of interests. The territory, household utensils and tools were privately owned, which did not have any legal form, but the products were distributed equally, taking into account the merits of each. Tribal communities could move, but their organization was preserved. The instruments of labor and production forces were extremely primitive. These were mainly gathering products of natural origin, fishing and hunting. Primitive communist relations prevailed in the organization of power and the system of managing affairs, while tribal assemblies were the organs of power under such a system. That is, elders, military leaders, and leaders. All signs of a tribal community were of a social nature. The formation of self-government bodies was a whole clan community. And the highest authority was the council, which consisted of all adult members of the clan. At this council, rather significant problems of the life of the community were solved, which also related to religious rituals, and not only to production activities. The day-to-day management of the affairs of the community was carried out by an elder elected by all members of this clan. The elder, military leader and priest could be re-elected at any moment. They had to fulfill not only their duties, but also to participate in production activities on an equal basis with other members of the community.
