Humanity has gone from ancient manuscripts to electronic books. Libraries are repositories of wisdom and a source of information passed down from generation to generation.
Instructions
Step 1
The first large book depository in Russia was created by Yaroslav the Wise in Kiev in 1037. Also, handwritten books of religious content were kept in the libraries of monasteries. They were used by religious ministers.
Step 2
The term “library” first appeared in 1499 in the “Gennadiyevskaya bible”, which was translated in Novgorod. Also, this word was found in the Solovetsky Chronicle of 1602.
Step 3
In the XYII century, a powerful centralized state was formed in Russia. The processes of centralization of the administrative apparatus also affected the librarianship.
Step 4
In 1648, the State Printing Library had 148 manuscripts and books. In just 30 years, their number was increased to 637, and the library fund, in addition to Russian-language ones, included foreign publications.
Step 5
At the end of the XYII century, this library became the largest book depository in Russia. The literature was used by civil servants and teachers.
Step 6
In 1696, Peter I issued a decree on the creation of a large library at the embassy's order. It housed 333 books, mostly in foreign languages. Books were given out to ambassadors and clerks in different cities.
Step 7
During the same period, special libraries were created containing books on military affairs, astronomy, geography and other sciences. Foundry workers, craftsmen, etc. could use them. This is how the process of transition from collections of religious books to secular editions took place.
Step 8
In 1714, Peter I established the first state scientific library in Russia in St. Petersburg. It was replenished from four sources:
a) private collections;
b) from libraries of various Orders;
c) by purchasing and exchanging with foreign scientific institutions;
d) from the printing house one copy of each edition was sent to the library.
Step 9
Scientific books were used by scientists, representatives of the nobility, civil servants. Catherine II also made a great contribution to the development of libraries. She also opened access to books for strangers.
Step 10
In the XYIII-XIX centuries, conditions were created for the development of university libraries. This was facilitated by government allocations and the development of the printing industry. A mandatory copy of each new book was sent to libraries.
Step 11
At the beginning of the 19th century, the library of the Moscow University contained more than 20 thousand books. The mathematician Lobachevsky in Kazan achieved the transformation of the university library into a public one, open to a wide range of people.
Step 12
By the beginning of the 20th century, a unified library system had developed, rules and statutes that were mandatory for all institutions began to appear. In 1917, the Imperial Public Library grew to 2 million titles.
Step 13
The Soviet government viewed libraries as an important social institution requiring special leadership. As a result, all libraries and large private collections were nationalized.
Step 14
The task was to collect and store all printed materials. Reference and bibliographic departments were developing.
Step 15
Now the world's largest Russian State Library contains approximately 42 million titles. Since 1995, Russia has celebrated the Day of Libraries.
