Boris Morozov is the educator of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The Russian boyar was considered one of the largest landowners of his time. Due to the necessary, but too high prices introduced by Morozov, the Salt Riot began.
In 1613, by the decision of the Zemsky Sobor, held in Moscow, the young Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov was elevated to the throne. One of those who signed the historical document was then the young boyar Boris Morozov. From that moment on, his whole life was tied at the very pinnacle of state power.
Carier start
Boris Ivanovich was called the predecessor of Peter the Great in the field of reforming the traditional way of life. One of the main culprits of the great revolt of 1648, after the suppression of the uprising, lost his influence.
It is impossible to give an unambiguous assessment of the boyar's activities. He advocated the prosperity of the state, the strength of the throne. At the same time, due to exorbitant economic hardships, he provoked the beginning of major unrest.
The biography of a Western culture lover began in 1590. The child appeared in the family of Agrafena Saburova and Ivan Morozov. Boris Ivanovich himself was a distant relative. A descendant of a noble family at the court, together with his brother Gleb, received the honorary position of sleeping bag, becoming one of the sovereign's trusted people. Almost the same age as the autocrat was appointed the educator, "uncle", the future heir to the throne, Alexei Mikhailovich, in 1629.
Morozov provided the ward with an excellent education. The future tsar studied the basics of grammar, got acquainted with the samples of the artistic creativity of the West and Russia of that time. He received knowledge of history, astronomy, botany and zoology, had an understanding of the life of people in the powers. The heir had a good literary elephant. The main merit of the educator was that the personality of the ward was not too dependent on court etiquette.
Public service
Morozov considered his own education insufficient. The boyar called the main flaw the lack of knowledge of foreign languages and the inability to read European books in originals. At the same time, the documents testify to the literacy and education of Boris Ivanovich. There was an extensive library in his chambers.
Alexei Mikhailovich ascended the throne at the age of sixteen. Nearby, he wanted to see a wise mentor. Due to the difficult situation, urgent measures were required in the arrangement of cities, the tax system, and the need to strengthen state power was imminent. The tasks were taken over by the government headed by Morozov. There were many problems.
Under the name of Tsarevich Dimitri, impostors appeared, the situation was aggravated by terrible crop failures. The mistakes made during the previous reign also played a role. The decision was required immediately. The state leader began to reform. He headed several orders. The most important were the Order of the Big Treasury, Streletsky and Inozemny. The state monopoly for the sale of alcoholic beverages, that is, a large part of the country's budget, fell under the jurisdiction of Morozov.
In the hands of the boyar were the army, power and international politics. Financial reform was identified as the most urgent. Morozov ralized measures to reduce the cost of maintaining the administration. After a significant reduction in the state apparatus, many governors were punished and convicted. The number of servants in the palace and under the patriarch has decreased, the salary of the remaining servants has been reduced.
Errors and fixes
However, timely measures led to the transfer of part of the cases to the management of the movers. This significantly increased the levies and caused a lot of dissatisfaction. The issue of tax collection had to be resolved as well. Many townspeople assigned to the highest nobility and monastic settlements were exempted from taxes. Boris Ivanovich, after the population census, appointed equal payments for all citizens.
The treasury was well replenished, but Morozov made himself a lot of enemies. The merchant people also took up arms against the boyar after raising them, they went to imported foreign goods. The patience of Muscovites ran out after the increase in salt prices. With a similar measure, Boris Ivanovich decided to replace part of direct taxes. He was guided by the fact that no person can do without salt.
Taxes can be evaded. When buying salt from the state and overpaying for this product to collect taxes, the treasury received the necessary amount. However, the procedures designed to improve life caused widespread discontent, which resulted in salt riots. They were all directed primarily against Morozov.
At that time, he noticeably strengthened his position in the court and arranged his personal life, becoming the husband of Anna Miloslavskaya, the queen's sister. There was not a single child in the family.
End of service
Popular discontent in the late spring of 1648 grew into active action. A whole crowd turned to the emperor with complaints. The archers, who began to disperse the petitioners, completely ruined the situation.
The royal palace in the Kremlin was plundered. The houses of many boyars perished in the fire, people who fell under the hot hand suffered. The rioters demanded the immediate extradition of Morozov from the authorities. Only Alexei Mikhailovich himself could calm the townspeople, personally promising to restore order and send the hated boyar into retirement.
Until the pacification of the riot, Morozov hid in the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery. After returning to Moscow, Boris Ivanovich continued his civil service, but tried not to be in sight. The figure took part in the development of the famous "Cathedral Code", which became the basis for the legal framework of domestic legislation for a long time.
Boris Ivanovich passed away on November 1, 1661.
