According to the results of a poll by the All-Russian Center of Public Opinion, which was conducted several years ago, in the list of idols of the twentieth century, Vladimir Vysotsky took 2nd place after Yuri Gagarin. The author of more than 700 songs to his own verses, an actor of theater and cinema, Vysotsky, in his works, touched upon topics prohibited by the then censorship, sang about everyday life very sincerely, sincerely, with great emotional anguish.
Childhood and youth
Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow in a maternity hospital on 3rd Meshchanskaya street. 61/2. His father, Semyon Vladimirovich 1915-1997, was a colonel in the Soviet Army, originally from Kiev, and his mother, Nina Maksimovna, nee Seryogina, 1912-2003. and worked as a German translator. The Vysotsky family lived in a Moscow communal apartment in difficult conditions, and had serious financial difficulties, when Vladimir was 10 months old, his mother had to go to work to help her husband earn a living.
Vladimir's theatrical inclinations became apparent at an early age, and they were supported by his paternal grandmother Dora Bronstein, a theater fan, to whom the boy recited poetry while standing on a chair and "throwing his hair back like a real poet", often using expressions in his public speeches, which he could hardly hear at home
When the Second World War began, Semyon Vysotsky, a military reserve officer, was drafted into the Soviet army and went to fight the Nazis. Nina and Vladimir were evacuated to the village of Vorontsovka in the Orenburg region, where the boy spent six days a week in kindergarten, and his mother worked twelve hours a day at a chemical plant in 1943, they returned to their Moscow apartment on 1st Meshchanskaya Street. 126. On September 1, 1945, Vladimir entered the 1st grade of the 273rd Moscow school.
In December 1946, Vysotsky's parents divorced and in 1947-1949 Vladimir lived with Semyon Vladimirovich and his Armenian wife, Evgenia Stepanovna Likholatova, whom the boy called "Aunt Zhenya", at a military base in Eberswalde in East Germany. "We decided that our son would stay with me. Vladimir came to stay with me in January 1947, and my second wife, Eugenia, became Vladimir's second mother for many years to come, they had a lot in common and they loved each other, which made me really happy, "Semyon Vysotsky later recalled. In 1949, Vladimir returned to Moscow and entered the 5th grade of the Moscow 128th school and settled in Bolshoi Karetny, 15. In 1953, Vladimir Vysotsky enrolled in theater courses. In 1955, he was given the first guitar for his birthday, and the bard and future famous Soviet pop lyricist Igor Kokhanovsky showed him the first chords. In the same year, Volodya moved to his mother at 76, 1st Meshchanskaya, and also finished school.
Career
In 1955, Vladimir entered the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute, but in June 1956 he dropped out after just one semester to pursue an acting career. He entered the Moscow Art Theater School and after graduation in 1960 he was admitted to the Moscow Drama Theater named after A. s. Pushkin under the leadership of Boris Ravensky, where he worked with impulses for three years.
In 1961 he recorded his first song "Tatu", and already in 1963 at the Gorky Film Studio, he recorded an hour-long cassette of his own songs. Copies quickly spread throughout the country and the author's name became known, although many of these songs were often referred to as "street" or "anonymous" just a few months later in Riga, grandmaster Mikhail Tal, praised the author of "Bolshoi Karetny", and Anna Akhmatova, in conversation with Joseph Brodsky quoted the passage “I was the soul of bad company.” In October 1964, Vysotsky recorded 48 of his own songs, which further increased his popularity as a new star of the Moscow folk underground
In 1964, Director Yuri Lyubimov invited Vysotsky to join the Taganka Theater and already. September 19, 1964. Vysotsky made his debut in the play based on Brecht's play The Kind Man from Sesuan. The premiere of Galileo's Life took place on May 17, 1966 and was transformed by Lyubimov into a powerful allegory of the moral and intellectual dilemmas of the Soviet intelligentsia.
In 1967, Vysotsky starred in the film by Stanislav Govorukhin and Boris Durov - "Vertical", this role brings him all-Union glory. A disc with songs from the film is being released at the Melodiya company.
On December 1, 1970, he marries Marina Vlady, and the newlyweds go on their honeymoon to Georgia.
In 1971, an alcoholic nervous breakdown brought Vysotsky to the Kashchenko Moscow Clinic of Psychiatry, by which time he was suffering from alcoholism. Having partially recovered with the help of Marina Vlady, Vysotsky goes on a concert tour across Ukraine and records new songs.
On November 29, 1971, the premiere of Hamlet on Taganka, an innovative production by Lyubimov with Vysotsky in the title role, is a lonely intellectual rebel who has risen to fight the cruel state machine
In April 1973, Vysotsky visited Poland and France, the predictable problems associated with official permission were quickly resolved after the leader of the French Communist Party, Georges Marchais, called Leonid Brezhnev, who, according to Marina Vladi's recollections, was quite sympathetic to the star couple.
In 1974 "Melody" released a disc on which four songs about the war were presented. In September of the same year, Vysotsky received his first state award - an Honorary Diploma of the Uzbek SSR following a tour with other actors from the Taganka Theater in Uzbekistan.
In 1975, Vysotsky made his third trip to France, where he made a rather risky visit to his former tutor and now renowned dissident émigré, Andrei Sinyavsky.
In September 1976, Vysotsky and Taganka made a tour to Yugoslavia, where Hamlet won the first prize at the annual BITEF festival.
In 1977, Vladimir Semenovich's health deteriorated to such an extent that in April he found himself in the intensive care center of the Moscow clinic in a state of physical and mental collapse.
1978 began with a series of concerts in Moscow and Ukraine, and in May Vysotsky embarked on a new major film project: "The meeting place cannot be changed."
In January 1979, Vysotsky again visited America with a very successful series of concerts.
In early 1980, Vysotsky asked Lyubimov for a year's leave. On January 22, 1980, Vysotsky came to the Ostankino television center to record his one and only studio concert for Soviet television.
Death
While several theories about the singer's ultimate cause of death persist to this day, including a few rather sinister ones, given what is now known about cardiovascular disease, it seems likely that by the time of his death, Vysotsky had a progressive coronary condition caused by years of tobacco. alcohol and drug addiction, as well as his grueling work schedule and stress. Vysotsky suffered from alcoholism for most of his life, and since about 1977, he began using amphetamines and other prescription drugs in an attempt to resist debilitating hangovers and eventually get rid of alcohol addiction. On July 25, 1979, exactly one year before his death, he suffered clinical death during a concert tour of Uzbekistan
Fully aware of the danger of his condition, Vysotsky made several attempts to cure himself of addiction. he underwent an experimental blood purification procedure proposed by a leading drug rehabilitation specialist in Moscow.
Relations with Marina Vlady worsened, he was torn between his devotion to her and his love for his mistress Oksana Afanasyeva.
On July 3, 1980, Vysotsky gave a performance in a concert hall near Moscow, one of the stage managers recalls that he looked clearly unhealthy.
On July 16, Vysotsky played Hamlet for the last time at the Taganka Theater.
On July 23, Vysotsky experienced another collapse. The next day he suffered a heart attack. He died on the morning of July 25, 1980.
There was no official announcement about the death of the actor, only a short obituary appeared in the newspaper "Evening Moscow", but despite this, tens of thousands of fans of his talent came to say goodbye to the beloved artist. Vysotsky was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.
