Everyone knows the name of Tretyakov, the founder of the famous national gallery. On hearing and other surnames, Morozovs, Shchukins, Ostroukhovs. But the name of Tsvetkov is familiar to few. However, it is on a par with the above. There was Tsvetkovskaya gallery in Moscow, but for a long time Ivan Tsvetkov was mentioned only in the works of art critics.
Ivan Evmentievich Tsvetkov is a Russian philanthropist and philanthropist. He was a native of the Alatyr district.
The beginning of creativity
The biography of the future figure began in 1845. Ivan Evmentievich was born on April 28. The child born in the village of Astradamovka became the eldest in the family of a rural priest. Soon my father was transferred to the village of Sires. The boy spent his childhood in it.
Vanya from 1856 to 1862 studied at the spiritual school of Alatyr. After completing his studies, the graduate continued to receive education in Simbirsk, within the walls of the seminary. After graduation, the young man became a student at Moscow University. Then there was work in the capital's land bank. Very little is known about Tsvetkov's personal life: he was married.
In 1974, an acquaintance with the Tretyakov collection took place. It was after visiting the exhibition that Tsvetkov decided to engage in collecting. He collected mainly graphics. In his collection there were many prints, as well as sketches of domestic painters. By 1898, the collection could no longer fit in a small Moscow house.
By 1901, a two-story mansion was built to store it. His plan was drawn up by Tsvetkov himself. Both the exterior of the building and the interior of the tower were made in the Old Russian style. The instructions were given by the artist Vasnetsov. The decoration included chests, wooden benches, carved decorations according to sketches made by the painter.
Unique collection
Samples of the work of almost all famous Russian artists were housed in the halls. Tsvetkov compared his collection with Tretyakov. He called his own treasure a historical and art history synopsis, and the Tretyakov collections - with a gigantic study of the subject.
In this synopsis, by 1819, 450 canvases, over a thousand drawings, 36 sculptures were already presented. Since 1901, Tsvetkova has headed the Moscow Society of Art Lovers many times. From 1895 to 1905, the patron was a member of the Council of the Tretyakov Gallery. In 1903 he became a full member of the Art Academy.
Together with the magnificent collection, the mansion was donated to Moscow in 1909. Until the end of his life on February 16, 1917, Tsvetkov remained the keeper of the collection. Collecting activity largely contributed to the preservation of unique works of Russian art. The Tsvetkovskaya gallery turned into an art museum.
Then independent education was combined with the Tretyakov Gallery, becoming the department of drawings. From the collection of Ivan Evmentievich, over 300 paintings were then transferred to the State Museum Fund and subsequently distributed among the museums of the country.
Memory of the patron
Currently, the French military are located on the Prechistenskaya embankment, in building number 29. The owner of the "casket house" where the apartments are located is the military attaché. The building houses an exposition on the history of the famous Normandie-Niemen regiment. Photographs of the pilots, squadron coat of arms, award sheets are presented.
In 1995, a memorial plaque was installed on the building in honor of Tsvetkov. For the first time in 1995-1996, on the occasion of the one and a half century anniversary of the birth of Ivan Evmentievich, an exhibition was held in the Tretyakov Gallery. It was composed of the best examples of graphics, paintings by Russian authors of the 18th - early 19th centuries, which were once part of the collection, and archival documents of the collector.
The Alatyr Museum provided for the exposition materials illustrating the period of the patron's life associated with the city. At the same time, the Tretyakov Gallery hosted scientific meetings in memory of Tsvetkov. A round table was organized in Alatyr. His work in the summer of 2009 was timed to coincide with the centenary of the donation of the collection to the capital.
In September, the exhibition “Moscow stories. I. E. Tsvetkov and His Picture Gallery”. It was organized to mark the 165th birthday of the collector. The exposition was supplemented by materials provided by the Alatyr Museum.
From April 14 to May 18, 2011, an exhibition organized with the participation of the Department of Cultural Heritage could be visited in the Metropolitan White Chambers. It included documents about Tsvetkov's childhood and adolescence, the time of his studies, activities in the Moscow Land Bank, the history of the creation of the famous collection, its further fate, as well as information about the construction of the mansion. Many of these data were exhibited for the first time.
Time present
In the former building of the Tsvetkovskaya gallery during the Great Patriotic War, the French military mission was located. Unique photographs of her and the Normandie-Niemen Regiment history were provided by Brigadier General Jean Morin, military attaché. The vernissages were held at the initiative of the Alatyr Museum with the "Old Moscow Commission", a metropolitan organization at the State Public Historical Library.
At the end of 2012, on the occasion of the centenary of Tretyakov's birth, a conference entitled “Predecessors and Followers: Private and Museum Collecting of the 18th and Early 20th Centuries” was held within the walls of the National Gallery named after him.
Among the participants was the head of the art museum of the city of Alatyr, Nikolai Golovchenko. He talked about the exhibition “Ivan Evmen'evich Tsvetkov and his picture gallery”, which had been on display at the local museum since June 2012, prepared by the Exhibition Center of the Moscow Archives Department. It contained copies of the most unique archival data on the life of Ivan Evmentievich, the chronology of information on the creation of his collection.
All submitted materials were transferred to the Alatyr Art Museum.
