Orchestra is a term of Greek origin, denoting a large musical and instrumental group. The concept of the composition of the orchestra originated in the time of Bach and was associated with the unification of musical art, which gave rise to the main modern musical structures: symphony, string, folk and brass orchestras.
Instructions
Step 1
The main community of instrumental families is the symphony orchestra. This is a rather large group performing mainly academic music (classics studied by students of musical institutions) by Western European composers of the 17-19th centuries. Initially, with the appearance of the classical symphony in Europe in the 18th century, it consisted of brass, string (bowed) and percussion instruments. Over time, the diversity of the representatives of each group increased.
Step 2
The small symphony orchestra (up to 50 performers) includes: flutes, clarinets, oboe, French horns, bassoons, trumpets and timpani - usually 2 instruments of each type. And also no more than 20 representatives of strings: violins (first - 5, second - 4), violas - 4 units, double basses - 2, cello - 3.
Step 3
In a large symphony orchestra, where sometimes more than 100 musicians are present, the string group can exceed 60 instruments (accounting for 2/3 of the total composition). The percussion group is noticeably replenishing, in addition to the timpani, this includes cymbals, there-there, a triangle, bells, a large and small drum. Wind instruments are represented by a brass band and a wood one. Double bass tuba, up to 5 trombones (bass, tenor), 8 horns (including Wagner's), 5 trumpets (including bass, alto, small) - copper group.
Step 4
The wooden group includes 5 instruments of each family, as well as varieties of some of them (English horn, alto and small flute, contrabassoon, etc.). Saxophones of all 4 types, harpsichord, piano, harp are often added. Very rarely, an organ. According to the number of instruments of the same name, the compositions are paired, triple, quadruple and fivefold.
Step 5
The brass band differs from the symphonic band by the absence of strings. Wind instruments are divided into copper (wide-scale - leading, and narrow-scale) and wood (clarinet-saxophone, predominant, flutes, bassoons, oboes). The doubled wood band is used in a large brass band along with numerous varieties of percussion and involving keyboards. This allows you to play along with waltzes and marches and opera arias, concerts, overtures, symphonies.
Step 6
Folk orchestras consist of national instruments and are composed according to the musical traditions of the given nation. Russian folk instruments include: button accordion, balalaika, domra, flute, zhaleika, horn, tambourine and gusli. Depending on the piece of music performed, the instrumental composition can be supplemented by drums, bells, oboes, flutes, etc.
