A federal state is a complex state that consists of several state entities called subjects. The peculiarity of the federal structure lies in the fact that the state formations included in the federation can maintain international legal relations with any foreign states and international organizations and have their own state authorities.
The concept of "federal state"
A federal state is a complex complex state consisting of two or more state formations or full-fledged states, which are called subjects of the federation. They do not have a single name and may be named differently in each individual federation. For example, lands, provinces, states, cantons, etc.
When unified, all members of the federation form a completely new state, and some of their own powers are transferred to the general federal authorities. This limits the sovereignty of the very elements of the federation.
The division of powers between the authorities of the federation itself and its subjects is fixed in a special treaty (federal treaty) or in the constitution. It turns out that the federation has two systems of government bodies: the subjects of the federation, which have the right to independently decide and analyze the issues remaining in their jurisdiction, and also federal, whose decisions apply to all members of the federation.
Laws in a federal state are also divided into two types. The first is federal, mandatory for all subjects. The second - the laws of the members of the federation, functioning only on the territory of the subject, the bodies of which they were adopted. At the same time, it is extremely important that the laws of the subjects fully comply with the laws of the federation and do not enter into conflict with them and do not contradict in any way. The supreme law in the federation is the constitution, and all other laws are formed on its basis.
The federation is characterized by the presence of a single currency, but dual citizenship, since a citizen of the subject of the federation is also a citizen of the entire federation as a whole.
In a standard and typical federation, all of its subjects have the same rights, and are also deprived of the ability to independently decide on leaving the union.
Modern federal states
Today there are 25 federal states that are located in different parts of the world.
Federated states of Asia: Pakistan, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Myanmar, India, Iraq.
Federated states of Europe: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belgium, Russia, Germany, Switzerland.
Federated States of Africa: Sudan, Comoros Union, Ethiopia, Nigeria.
Federated States of Australia and Oceania: Australia, Micronesia.
Federated States of America: Argentina, Venezuela, Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil, Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis.
