The outstanding Slavic historian and source researcher Mikhail Tikhomirov is known for his activities that have received recognition throughout the world. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was engaged in research of the culture of Russia in the X-XIX centuries. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Laureate of the Lomonosov Prize of Moscow State University.
Tikhomirov's works have been translated into many foreign languages. He has participated in many international conferences, lectured at the most prestigious universities, published articles and wrote books.
Study time
The future famous scientist was born on May 31 in 1893 in a metropolitan family. His younger brother Boris also later became a historian. The boy studied excellently and graduated from a commercial school in 1911 with a gold medal. Its teacher was the future academician Grekov.
Education continued from 1917 at the Faculty of History of the University. He was taught by famous scientists Vipper, Bakhrushin, Bogoslovsky. Under the leadership of the latter, a work was written about the Pskov rebellion of the 17th century.
Subsequently, for the supplemented and revised monograph on this topic, the former student received the title of candidate of historical sciences. After completing his studies in the biography of Tikhomirov, there is even a management of the not yet open museum of local lore, Mikhail Nikolayevich worked as a librarian, taught paleology and taught at school.
He collaborated with the handwriting department. Since the thirties, Tikhomirov began teaching at the capital's university. After completing his dissertation on the analysis of Russkaya Pravda, the scientist was awarded a doctorate.
From 1945 to 1947 he was the dean of the history department of Moscow State University. Despite his temper and exactingness, both students and colleagues loved Tikhomirov. Since 1953, Mikhail Nikolaevich became the head of the department of source study of the history of the USSR of the history department of the university.
Scientific activity
Research works of Mikhail Nikolaevich are devoted to feudalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The young scientist's research began with a study of the history of the masses in the chosen period.
In his writings on the Novgorod uprising of 1650 and generalizations and riots in Russia in the 11th-13th centuries, Tikhomirov made a conclusion about the driving force of the people in the process of history. The new work was the medieval city. The scientist concluded that, along with the specific features of development, the craft centers of domestic settlements were formed simultaneously with European ones.
This conclusion refuted the prevailing theory of the backwardness of Russia. After such a study, new views on the domestic point of view appeared. Since 1959, Mikhail Nikolaevich has been publishing the Complete Creation of Russian Chronicles.
He was one of the chief editors of World History and History of the USSR. He was a member of the editorial boards of "Questions of History" "Soviet Slavic Studies" and the series "Literary Monuments".
Tikhomirov was engaged in the study of writing, relations with Byzantium. The works of the scientist are recognized as the main ones in the science studied by him.
After a huge amount of work on the analysis of Russian Truth, the previously used theories about the process of the historical development of Ancient Rus changed.
It was proved that the editions that appeared were the result of the class struggle. In the process of working on "Spatial Pravda" Mikhail Nikolaevich set the date and revealed the prerequisites for the appearance of the monument. In the forties, the course "Source study of the history of the USSR from ancient times to the end of the 18th century." It includes detailed reviews of written primary sources for the indicated periods.
The works of the historian
More than three hundred works on topical issues have become a contribution to the development of science. Tikhomirov was engaged in the study of the history of ancient Russian settlements, the study of the development of relations between the peoples of the country. Mikhail Nikolaevich took the lead in describing previously unknown manuscripts. He organized the creation of a consolidated catalog of rarities in the country's archives.
The historian published in 1961 "Cathedral Code of 1649" with "The Righteous Measure", important information on the history of Russian law. The scientist defended the reliability and works of Tatishchev. Mikhail Nikolaevich in 1938 reproached the creators of the painting "Alexander Nevsky" for the lack of patriotism.
After its recall, the original script was significantly redesigned. The scientist will note that the liberation struggle against the Tatars began not in Novgorod, but in the north-east of Russia. When working on the film, the criticism of the historian was taken into account.
It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer about the origin of the foundations of Russian codicology without the fruitful work of Tikhomirov. Thanks to his scientific work, the discipline of studying handwritten books began to develop rapidly in the Soviet Union. Mikhail Nikolaevich has been a member of the National Committee of Soviet Historians since 1953.
In 1957 he lectured at educational institutions in Paris, took part in 1960 at the Stockholm Congress of Historical Sciences. The scientist made a report on the beginning of Russian historiography. In 1962, Tikhomirov in the Hungarian People's Republic was preparing the publication of the Hungarian Chronicle.
Mikhail Nikolaevich is a full member of the Academy of Sciences in Poland, an honorary member of the American Historical Association. In his free time, Tikhomirov was engaged in the genre of everyday poetry. He explored a peculiar mix of parody with lyrics.
The scientist died on September 2, 1965. Since 1968, the name of the scientist was given to one of the streets of the capital. A memorial plaque has been installed at the history faculty of Moscow State University, and one of the lecture halls of the faculty also bears the name of Tikhomirov. On the Kotelnicheskaya embankment, on the house where the historian lived, there is a memorial plaque.
