Terenty Semenovich Maltsev is the greatest peasant of the 20th century and an honorary academician, twice Hero of Socialist Labor and laureate of the State Prize, at the same time - a "simple field grower" who linked his whole life with one small Ural village. Much has been written about this legendary man.
Terenty Maltsev: biography
Born into a poor peasant family on October 29 (November 10), 1895 in the village of Maltsevo (Shadrinsky district of the Perm province, now the Shadrinsky district of the Kurgan region). Known for his unlimited contribution to the agricultural industry.
Even in his youth, the famous Terenty Maltsev vowed not to leave his native village and work here all his life. And in this oath he remained faithful - he lived for almost 100 years in his native village. Despite all the difficulties and pressure of those in power that Terenty Semyonovich had to face, he not only withstood their onslaught, but through numerous experiments in the fields was able to refute dogmatic beliefs about agriculture, based on the mistakes of the past and the results of the present, create a completely new system tillage.
Terenty was drawn to education, he wanted to learn to read and write. Secretly, where necessary, he recognized letters and numbers. There was no paper and pencil - he wrote with a stick in the snow, in the summer - on the sand.
On the collective farm field, Maltsev developed those agricultural practices that are now adopted everywhere, and here a new farming system was born, which serves the noble goal of increasing the fertility of the lands cultivated by man. In a huge field laboratory, which the collective farm arable land had become, non-standard, bold ideas were born. Proven and tested by practice, they eventually embodied in the famous Maltsev farming system.
At the end of the forties, he set up extensive experiments on the collective farm "Lenin's Testaments", sowing grain on unplowed soil. It turned out that in this case, perennial and annual plants, which were previously divided into “destroyers” and “restorers” of fertility, leave more organic matter in the ground than they consume.
Working with Lysenko
In the late 1940s, Maltsev risked even more - he set about breeding one of the varieties of wheat offered by the all-powerful Lysenko, but in fact began to continue experiments with fields that are not plowed, but loosened. Trofim Denisovich liked the enthusiasm and creative approach of the field grower.
So that Terenty Semyonovich was not interfered with in the execution of the assignment, Lysenko personally sent a letter to I. V. Stalin with justification to organize an experimental agricultural station at the collective farm. And in the summer of 1950, an experimental station was created in the village "for conducting experiments by the field breeder Maltsev" with a staff of three people: the director, his deputy and the caretaker. Thus, the field breeder received a mandate guaranteeing him absolute immunity from all authorized and local leaders. In the spring of 1953, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences instructed a team of scientists from the Soil Institute, the Research Institute of Plant Physiology and the Research Institute of Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences to study and substantiate the results of the Shadrinsk Experimental Station and the new farming system.
Chronology
In 1916-1917. Military service.
In 1917-1921. was in captivity in Germany.
Since 1930 - a field grower of the collective farm "Zavety Lenin" in the Shadrinsky district of the Kurgan region
In 1935, he was a delegate to the 2nd All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers-Shock Workers.
Honorary Member of the CPSU since 1939.
1946 - receiving the Stalin Prize.
Since 1950, he was in charge of an experimental station at the collective farm, created on the direct orders of Stalin.
Since 1951, he has been developing a moldboard-free tillage system, which included a plow of his own design and a five-field farming system with minimal tillage.
On August 7, 1954, an All-Union meeting was held in the village of Maltseve, which lasted three days. The meeting took place after his arrival on July 14, 1954 in the village of NS Khrushchev. More than 1000 people came to the meeting instead of the 300 invited. In the next 2, 5 years, about 3, 5 thousand people came to get acquainted with the new system. The scientific part of the meeting was chaired by T. D. Lysenko.
1969 - delegate to the 3rd All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers.
Maltsev participated in nine congresses of the CPSU, was a deputy of many convocations of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
He died on August 11, 1994 at the age of 98.
Awards and titles
- twice Hero of Socialist Labor.
- six Orders of Lenin
- Order of the October Revolution
- two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor
- Order of the Badge of Honor
- medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
- Great gold medal of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (1940).
- Michurin Big Gold Medal (1954).
- Honored Worker of Agriculture of the USSR
- V. R. Williams Prize (1973).
- Order "Star of Friendship of Peoples" in gold (1986; GDR).
- Honorary Citizen of Russia - for special services to the people "in the preservation and development of the best traditions of the Russian peasantry"
- Honorary Citizen of the Kurgan Region (January 29, 2003 - posthumously)
- Stalin Prize of the third degree (1946) - for the improvement of varieties of grain and vegetable crops and for the development and implementation of advanced agrotechnical farming methods in agriculture, which ensured high yields in the arid Trans-Urals.
Memory
- In 1989, the Grain-growers of the Central aimag of Mongolia established the Prize named after I. T. S. Maltsev.
- In the village of Maltsevo, a bust of twice Hero of Socialist Labor Maltsev was installed, the House-Museum of T. S. Maltsev was opened.
- The name of Terenty Semyonovich Maltsev is borne by the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev and the Shadrinsk Agricultural Experimental Station.
- In 2015, on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the birth of Terenty Semenovich Maltsev, an artistic stamped envelope with a circulation of 500 thousand copies and a special postmark were issued.
- On November 10, 2015, Kurgan, a memorial to Terenty Semenovich Maltsev was opened in honor of the 120th anniversary of his birth. A bronze figure of a grain grower with a height of 3.6 meters (sculptor Olga Krasnosheina) was installed in the Zaozerny microdistrict in a public garden at the intersection of Terenty Maltsev streets and Marshal Golikov avenue.
- The Maltsev Gold Medal is a scientific award established in 2016 by the Russian Academy of Sciences, awarded for outstanding work in the field of soil conservation agriculture.
