Shamil Hayralloviya Usmanov is a Soviet Tatar playwright, writer and politician. Born in 1898, died in 1937. Full name - Shamil Khirulla uly Usmanov.
Biography
Shamil Usmanov's parents were teachers. He received his primary education in Astrakhan. Then he studied in Orenburg at the Khusainiya vocational school from 1911 to 1914. After graduation, until 1917 he worked at cloth factories as a mechanic, first in Starotimoshkino, then in Guryevka, Simbirsk province.
In March 1917, Shamil begins to take an active part in the Bolshevik Party. In June of the same year, Usmanov went to Syzran for the Bolshevik agitation of the 119th Infantry Regiment. Then he was elected secretary of the garrison committee in Syzran. Since November 1917, Shamil has been participating as a delegate to the second regional Kazan congress. Then he was awarded the powers of the commissar of the formation of the Red Army units in the city of Syzran. May 1918 is notable for the fact that a Muslim battalion under the command of commander Khairullin and commissar Umsanov, in the amount of five hundred soldiers, is sent to the Eastern Front. There they unite with volunteer detachments of prisoners of war Hungarians, Poles and Germans. Their detachment receives the name of the Third International Legion, under the command of the commander of Polish origin Belevich and Commissioner Shamil Usmanv. Their legion is famous for the liberation of the city of Orenburg from the troops of Dutov on January 22, 1919. They also distinguished themselves in the battles near Orsk and Perevolotsky.
The Military Collegium of Muslims, in January 1919, decides to create Muslim military units in Kazan, Samara and other cities of the Volga region. The main initiative for the formation of this regiment came from Shamil Usmanov, which was supported by the Revolutionary Military Council of the First Army. And already on March 10 of the same year, a decision was made to create the first Volga separate Tatar rifle brigade. Usmanov is approved by the political commissar of this brigade.
In October 1919, Shamil Usmanov was appointed head of the political department of the Muslim Central Military Collegium. In this position, he supervises the activities of the Kyzyl Army newspaper. Articles appear on the pages of the newspaper about the multiple problems of the Tatar Republic, about all kinds of obstacles to its creation. When a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was issued on May 27, 1920, and the formation of the Tatar ASSR was legalized, Shamil Usmanov was appointed secretary of the republic's provisional committee. Their main goal was to convene a congress of the councils of the new republic.
The first regional conference of the communists of the Tatar ASSR was held from 26 to 29 July, at which Shamil delivered a speech in which he reported on the need for at least 50% of the Tatar delegates to attend.
The Kazan provincial committee at that time was negatively disposed towards the confident independent actions of the leadership of the provisional revolutionary committee. They are striving with all their might to remove Firdevs, Kazakov and Usmanov from work. After mobilization, Usmanov was sent to the Turkestan Front at the disposal of the Military Revolutionary Council. Upon completion of hostilities, he was appointed head of military-political courses at the Tashkent Institute of Oriental Studies.
In 1922, in March, Shamil returned to Kazan, where he served as the head of the infantry command courses of the political department, after which he became the commissar of the united military school. Having shown excellent service, he was appointed an inspector of the Red Army military educational institutions in Moscow. Usmanov was demobilized in 1927. At that time he was only 29 years old.
While working as the head of the Tatar enterprise management, Usmanov, the idea of radioification of the Tatar ASSR was implemented. He personally headed the construction of the Kazan broadcasting radio station. And already on November 7, 1927, Shamil's voice came from the radio receivers of Tatarstan, he said: "Kazan syli!", In Russian - "Kazan is speaking!" He congratulated the population on the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution.
Despite active participation in public life, there is no information about Shamil Usmanov's personal life.
Literary creativity
The first work of Shamil Usmanov was published in 1921. This play was dedicated to the dramatic events of the revolution and civil war. The work was called "In bloody days." Shamil wrote this play under the impression of the battles for Orenburg, in which he was a direct participant.
An important role in the literary life of Tatarstan was played by such works of Usmanov as: "Under the Red Banner" and "The Path of the Legion" published in 1923, as well as the science fiction story "Radio from the Pamirs".
Shamil Usmanov sent the story "The Death of Second Lieutenant Danilov" to Maxim Gorky, and later, in 1928, they met in Kazan.
Memory
In honor of Shamil Usmanov, a street in Kazan is named where the building of the State TV and Radio Company of Tatarstan is located, today it is the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. There is also Shamil Usmanov Street in Naberezhnye Chelny.
last years of life
Since 1934, Usmanov was a member of the USSR JV. On April 8, 1937, he was arrested and charged under Articles 58-8 and 58-11 as a member of the Sultangaleev nationalist organization. The death of Shamil was found on December 3, 1937 in Kazan, during interrogation in the office of the Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the TASSR. Shamil's heart could not stand it. On December 30, 1955, Usmanov was rehabilitated.
