The Arctic is the physical and geographical region of the Earth, which is adjacent to the North Pole. It includes almost the entire Arctic Ocean and the islands in it, the adjacent parts of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the outskirts of the continents of North America and Eurasia. Due to the harsh climate, this region is one of the most difficult for people to live in.
Instructions
Step 1
People first reached the coast of the Arctic Ocean about 30 thousand years ago. Archaeologists have found sites of ancient people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Republic of Komi. As ancient people mastered high latitudes, learned to survive in cold conditions, adaptive changes took place, and northern populations of people appeared. Mutation of the melanin gene in them made it possible to survive more efficiently in such conditions. Outwardly, this manifests itself as a light skin tone. The organisms of the indigenous peoples have become hardened and adapted to frost, to a life with a lack of vitamins due to a lack of fruits and vegetables. People have learned to use dogs as transport. And today, a significant part of the population of the Arctic is the northern indigenous peoples.
Step 2
The most populated part of the region is the Russian Arctic. There are more than a thousand high-latitude settlements and about 40 northern indigenous peoples - Nenets, Pomors, Enets, Chukchi, Evenks, Negidals, Yukagirs, Chuvans, etc. For many centuries they have kept the traditional way of life established by their ancestors. The Arctic ecosystem, extreme climatic conditions contributed to the formation of a special worldview and culture, way of life.
Step 3
Fishing, reindeer husbandry, hunting and gathering are traditional trades. The peoples of the North in terms of food and living, and culture, completely depend on the Arctic ecosystem and the state of the environment. They do not adapt well to the manifestations of modern civilization. The industrial development of the Arctic, oil and gas projects pose a threat to the original habitat of ethnic groups and a threat to their existence.
Step 4
In addition to the indigenous peoples, the Arctic is home to a newcomer population, mainly engaged in the maintenance of transport routes and the mining industry. It lives in the main cities. Part of the newcomer population comes for a while to work as doctors, teachers, merchants, police officers, administrators, etc.
Step 5
It is believed that the body of a visiting person adapts to the climate of the Far North in about a year, so doctors recommend coming to work on a rotational basis for at least a year. If a person comes for a month, then returns home, this is a strong stress for the body and immunity may fall. At the same time, the organisms of different people are individual and show different adaptability.
