The main goal of a scientific text is to convey to readers any relevant idea, comprehensively substantiating the author's opinion. Its distinctive features are structuredness, sequence of presentation according to the principle “from general to particular” or “from particular to general”, accuracy of formulations, unambiguity of the concepts and terms used. Varieties of scientific text are monographs, textbooks, teaching and methodological aids, dissertations, course and diploma projects, etc.
Instructions
Step 1
Formulate the topic on which you are going to write a scientific text. It should clearly reflect the main problem and indicate the area of theoretical research. For example, "The influence of federal electronic media on the formation of a positive image of the family" or "Methods for analyzing stock markets in the context of the fading of the global economic crisis."
Step 2
Develop the structure (plan) of the text. It should include: - an introduction (formulation of the problem, justification of its relevance, goals and objectives of the study, listing methods and sources, etc.); - the main part (a consistent description of the facts, proof of the hypothesis put forward, examples of experiments, surveys, etc.) - conclusion (conclusions and perspectives).
Step 3
Write the first version of the text (draft), observing the basic requirements for the style of presentation of the material. 1. Impersonality. Do not use personal pronouns "I", "we". Instead, write "In the course work reviewed …" or "During the study, it was revealed …".2. Lack of interrogative sentences. A scientific text does not imply a direct appeal to the reader, for example, "Do you know that …?" or "Let's figure it out …". The author draws attention to the content of the work by a clear and well-reasoned presentation of his thoughts. 3. Using terminology, but not professional jargon, for example, instead of “promoting the project” write “organize media coverage of the project”. 4. Availability and sufficiency of citations. When referring to the opinion of experts in a particular professional field, do not forget to enclose their words in quotation marks. Also include information sources from which you gleaned any information. However, the scientific text should not consist only of citations and references. The main place in it is given to the thoughts of the author. 5. The reliability of figures, facts, dates, names, titles, etc. Always check information from several reputable sources. Including data from your own research, briefly describe the methodology for collecting the information. 6. Ease of perception. Reduce complex sentences with multiple punctuation marks. Keep phrases short and easy to read. Remove unreasonable repetitions, insignificant explanations, too simple examples and obvious generalizations. But, of course, one should not simplify the language to the level of elementary school.
Step 4
Use graphs, tables, calculations, sample questionnaires and other documents created and analyzed by you during the research. A scientific text looks more significant if there are graphic materials that support the main idea.
Step 5
Reread the text you have written. Do it out loud to make the flaws more noticeable. Make sure the content is consistent with the stated topic. Check the consistency and interconnection of all parts of the text, the presence of links to sources and additional graphics. Correct grammar and punctuation errors.
