The processes taking place in water and on land can have a significant impact on the cleanliness of the lake and its bottom. It can be human influence, gasoline or oil waste, toxic discharges, contamination with human waste products. Also, the lake can become clogged during the reproduction of marsh plants on its shores, which displace all other types of vegetation and lead to a deterioration in the composition of the water, which in turn disrupts the biobalance of the ecosystem.
Instructions
Step 1
Four main methods are used to cleanse lakes: mechanical, biological, chemical and ultraviolet radiation.
Step 2
Mechanical cleaning involves the collection of debris from the surface of the water using nets or special devices, such as a seine. Mechanical cleaning of large reservoirs is also possible when using small vessels and the work of divers. Recently, divers have become actively involved in the cleaning of reservoirs.
Step 3
Purification is carried out in several stages. First, with the help of machinery, excavators, they dig out drainage ditches and an additional reservoir and drain water from the lake. Then they clean the bottom, remove debris, silt, bottom sediments, clean the shores of the lake from excess vegetation, and release springs. The water is returned to it using mechanical filtration. This is the cheapest and most effective way to remove fine organic matter and algae from water.
Step 4
Artificial reservoirs, lakes in personal plots, the owners clean themselves. You can use an ordinary landing net, and for deeper cleaning - an "underwater vacuum cleaner". The device acts in the same way as conventional vacuum cleaners, sucking in dirty water with bottom sludge, algae, organic matter. Various attachments of such mechanisms help to clean the most intricate reliefs of the bottom of artificial reservoirs. All sucked up debris is collected in a separate tank, which must be cleaned when filling.
Step 5
In addition to mechanical cleaning, it is also possible to carry out biological cleaning of the lake using biofilters filled with a porous substance that promotes the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, which feed on organic matter retained in these filters.
Step 6
Chemical purification occurs by adding chemicals to the water in order to restore the chemical composition of the water and saturate it with oxygen. Such water purification should be carried out exclusively by specialists, because it requires accurate calculations.
Step 7
Cleaning with ultraviolet light consists in immersing UV lamps (wavelength 180-300 nm) into the lake. Ultraviolet radiation affects the DNA of small algae and microorganisms, bacteria and kills them. All devices required for cleaning are available in specialized stores and organizations.
