A poet, artist, art critic, literary critic, lecturer, a person whose views on cultural heritage and an ironic attitude to history were not shared by the Soviet leadership - Kiriyenko-Voloshin Maximilian.
Biography
Voloshin Maximilian (real name - Kirienko-Voloshin) was born on May 16 (28), 1877 in Kiev, Ukraine. The boy had Zaporozhye Cossacks in his blood on his father's side and Germans on his mother's side. At the age of 3, Maximilian was left without a father, and the family moved to Taganrog, then to Moscow, where they lived until 1893, until his mother acquired a land plot in Koktebel, Crimea.
The boy received his secondary education at the Feodosia gymnasium (1897). Then I went to study at Moscow University. During the years of study, he became involved in revolutionary activities and after participating in the All-Russian student strike (February 1900) he was expelled. In order to avoid a heavier punishment, he went to the construction of the railway, where he felt an incredible rapprochement with antiquity, the culture of Asia, and a little later - Western Europe.
Maximilian visited a number of countries (Italy, France, Greece, Switzerland, Germany, Austria-Hungary), where he got acquainted with the cultural heritage of local residents. He was especially inspired by Paris, in which he saw the center of spiritual life. It was in Paris that Voloshin lived for a long time in the period 1901-1916. There he took lessons in engraving and drawing.
He was also often in both Russian capitals. However, he spent most of his time in the “poet's house” (in Koktebel), where he often invited writers, artists, artists and scientists.
As a literary critic, Voloshin made his debut in 1899 with a small review without a signature in the journal Russian Thought. The first long article appeared in May 1900. In total, Voloshin has over 100 articles on Russian and French culture, literature and theater.
In 1914 Voloshin dared to write a letter to the Minister of War of Russia refusing military service and participating in the "bloody massacre" of the First World War.
More than once Voloshin published articles criticizing Verharn. In 1919, the book "Verhaarn. Destiny. Creativity. Translations" was published.
As a poet Voloshin began to develop in 1900. In 1910 he published the book Poems. 1900-1910 ". The second collection of poems "Selva oscura" was compiled in the early 1920s, but was never published. Later, some of the poems were included in the book "Iverni" (1916). Maximilian often wrote poetry about the war. In them, he processed images and techniques of poetic rhetoric. Some of the poems of that period were included in the 1919 book "Deaf and Mute Demons", some - in 1923 in the book "Poems about Terror". A huge part of Voloshin's works remained unpublished.
In the period 1914-1926. Voloshin wrote several works of art: “Spain. By the Sea”,“Pink Twilight”,“Lunar Whirlwind”, etc. He has 8 paintings in total.
In 1923, state pressure began on Voloshin, because of which the publication of his works was banned from 1928 to 1961.
Voloshin Maximilian died in 1932 in Koktebel. He was buried on the Kuchuk-Yanishar mountain near Koktebel.
Personal life
The first time Voloshin was married in 1906 to the artist Margarita Vasilievna Sabashnikova. It was a difficult relationship, which he wrote about more than once in his works.
Voloshin's second wife was Maria Stepanovna Zablotskaya (March 1927). With her, he experienced difficult years of pressure from the state. It was Maria Stepanovna who managed to preserve his creative heritage and the "House of the Poet" itself.
