The forms of organization of production are closely interrelated and to a certain extent determine each other. These include concentration, specialization, cooperation and combination. The development of these forms of organization is caused by progress in the scientific and technical sphere, it is the main condition for increasing labor productivity, reducing costs and more efficient use of production assets.
Concentration
The concentration of production implies the concentration of production in large enterprises, which have a number of advantages compared to medium and small ones. Due to the fact that the production base and the work collective already exist, there are prerequisites for the introduction of advanced technologies; reduced management costs; labor productivity increases; the cost price is reduced. But do not forget that large-scale production is also not without its drawbacks. These are high costs for the supply of raw materials, materials and dispatch of finished products due to the increase in the radius of transportation. In addition, there is a need for impressive investments in the construction of large enterprises and the duration of their construction. As the scale of the enterprise grows, the management process becomes more and more complex.
The economic benefit of concentration of production is to reduce the cost of producing a unit of output as capacity and size of production increase. But in the conditions of market relations, it begins to lose its advantages.
Specialization
Production specialization is the process of producing the same type of product or the performance of individual operations. Those. it is a kind of division of labor. Its purpose is to increase the productivity of labor activity. Specialization can be subject, i.e. for the production of one finished product, detailed, i.e. the release of individual parts of parts, blanks, and technological, implying the separation of individual stages of the technological process into independent production.
The economic efficiency of specialization is based on the ability to widely use and more efficiently use high-performance equipment, to orient workers to perform one operation, which significantly increases labor productivity. Its development attaches increasing importance to cooperation.
Cooperation
Co-operation of production is a production relationship of specialized enterprises engaged in the joint manufacture of products, but at the same time maintaining their economic independence. In such cases, the supplier organizes its production process in such a way as to meet all the customer's requirements. Cooperation can be intra-sectoral, inter-sectoral, intra-district and inter-district.
Economic efficiency is manifested in a decrease in the cost price while increasing labor productivity and reducing the conditionally fixed costs per unit of output. Specialization creates conditions for organizing a continuous production process, using the latest technologies and ensuring the most complete operation of existing equipment.
Combination
Combining production means connecting different industries at one enterprise, which are dependent on each other in technical, economic and technological terms. Products of one production act as raw materials for another. All this ensures a high concentration of production, contributes to a more rational use of natural resources, a reduction in costs, an increase in labor productivity, a fall in production costs, and a decrease in the cost of transporting materials and raw materials.
