Soviet schoolboy, a student of the Gerasimov school of the Tavdinsky district of the Ural region, who in Soviet times gained fame as a pioneer hero who resisted the kulaks in the person of his father and paid for it with his life
Pavel Moroz: biography
A family
Born on November 14, 1918 in the village of Gerasimovka, Turin district, Tobolsk province, in the family of Trofim Sergeevich Morozov, a red partisan, then chairman of the village council, and Tatyana Semyonovna Morozova, nee Baidakova. My father, like all the villagers, was an ethnic Belarusian (a family of Stolypin settlers, in Gerasimovka since 1910). Subsequently, the father abandoned his family (a wife with four sons) and healed a second family with Antonina Amosova; as a result of his departure, all the worries of the peasant economy fell on the eldest son Pavel. According to the recollections of the teacher Pavel, his father regularly drank and beat his wife and children both before and after leaving the family. Pavlik's grandfather also hated his daughter-in-law because she did not want to live with him on the same farm, but insisted on sharing.
In 1931, the father, who was no longer the chairman of the village council, was sentenced to 10 years for the fact that "being the chairman of the village council, he was friends with the kulaks, sheltered their farms from taxation, and upon leaving the village council, he helped the special settlers escape by selling documents." Specifically, he was charged with the work of issuing fake certificates to dispossessed people about their belonging to the Gerasimov village council, which gave them the opportunity to leave the place of exile. At the same time, the only certificate that appeared as material evidence was made in the village council after Morozov's departure. According to some sources, Trofim Morozov was shot in a camp in 1932; he was not involved in the murder of Pavlik Morozov. At the same time, other sources claim that Trofim Morozov, while in prison, participated in the construction of the Belomorkanal and, after serving three years, returned home with an order for shock work, and then settled in Tyumen. In this regard, fearing a meeting with her ex-husband, Tatyana Morozova did not dare to visit her native places for many years.
Paul's brothers: Grisha - died in infancy; Fedor - killed at the age of 8, together with Pavel; Roman - fought against the Nazis, returned from the front as an invalid, died young; Alexey - during the war he was slandered as an "enemy of the people", spent ten years in the camps, then was rehabilitated, suffered greatly from the perestroika campaign of persecution of Pavlik.
Pioneer is a hero
Official Soviet history says that at the end of 1931, the famous Pavlik caught his father Trofim Morozov, then the chairman of the village council, of selling blank forms with a seal to the special settlers from among the dispossessed. Based on the testimony of a teenager, Morozov Sr.was sentenced to ten years. Following this, Pavlik reported about the bread hidden from a neighbor, accused the husband of his own aunt of stealing state grain, and said that part of the stolen grain was with his own grandfather, Sergei Morozov. He told about the property, hidden from confiscation by the same uncle, actively participated in actions, looking for hidden property together with representatives of the village council.
According to the official version, Pavlik was killed in the forest on September 3, 1932, when his mother left the village for a short time. The murderers, as determined by the investigation, were Pavlik's cousin, 19-year-old Danila, and Pavlik's 81-year-old grandfather, Sergei Morozov. Pavlik's grandmother, 79-year-old Ksenia Morozova, was declared an accomplice in the crime, and Pavlik's uncle, 70-year-old Arseniy Kulukanov, was recognized as the organizer. At a show trial in a district club, they were all sentenced to death. Pavlik's father, Trofim, was also shot, although at that time he was far in the North.
After the boy's death, his mother, Tatyana Morozova, received an apartment in Crimea as compensation for her son, part of which she rented out to guests. The woman traveled a lot around the country with stories about Pavlik's feat. She died in 1983 in her apartment lined with bronze busts of Pavlik.
Decision of the Supreme Court of Russia
In the spring of 1999, members of the Kurgan Society "Memorial" sent a petition to the General Prosecutor's Office to review the decision of the Ural Regional Court, which sentenced the teenager's relatives to death. The Russian Prosecutor General's Office came to the following conclusion:
The verdict of the Ural Regional Court of November 28, 1932 and the determination of the judicial-cassation board of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR of February 28, 1933 in relation to Arseny Ignatievich Kulukanov and Ksenia Ilinichna Morozova to change: to re-qualify their actions from Art. 58-8 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR at Art. Art. 17 and 58-8 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, leaving the same punishment. To recognize Morozov Sergei Sergeevich and Morozov Daniil Ivanovich reasonably convicted in the present case for committing a counter-revolutionary crime and not subject to rehabilitation.
The General Prosecutor's Office, which is involved in the rehabilitation of victims of political repression, concluded that the murder of Pavlik Morozov is criminal in nature and the killers cannot be rehabilitated on political grounds. This conclusion, together with the materials of an additional examination of case No. 374, was sent to the Supreme Court of Russia, which in 1999 ruled to refuse rehabilitation to the alleged murderers of Pavlik Morozov and his brother Fyodor.
Facts from life
- According to the latest conclusions of historians, Pavel Morozov was not a member of the pioneer organization. In the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization. V. I. Lenin, it was entered only in 1955, 23 years after the death.
- At the trial, Pavel Morozov did not speak out against his father and did not write denunciations against him. During the preliminary inquiry, he testified that his father had beaten his mother and brought into the house things he had received as payment for issuing false documents.
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Trofim Morozov was prosecuted not for hiding grain, but for falsifying documents with which he supplied members of the counter-revolutionary group and persons hiding from Soviet power.
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