Guillermo Marconi is an Italian entrepreneur and radio technician. The Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics is known as an excellent inventor.
The airport is named after Guglielmo Marchese Marconi in his homeland. The famous physicist was the owner of many honorary awards and titles.
Start of activity
The biography of the famous figure began in 1874. The future inventor was born in Bologna on April 25 in a wealthy landowner's family. The mother was engaged in raising the child, inviting the best teachers to her son. The son learned to play the piano masterly.
At eighteen, Guglielmo decided to get an education at the maritime academy, but did not pass the exams. Then Marconi began attending Augusto Rigi's lectures at the university. In Great Britain, the young man studied at the prestigious Rugby School. Two years later, Marconi became attracted to the study of electromagnetic radiation.
At his father's estate, Griffon, the young physicist conducted his first experiments. He was working on sending a signal to the bell. At first, the bell was located nearby, then moved further and further. The results were of great interest to the inventor.
The device was improved in 1895. The device operated at a distance of fifteen hundred miles. However, in Italy, the transmitter did not arouse interest. Guglielmo decided on a trip to England. The inventor hoped to patent his development there.
The country had a navy, and radio communications could be a great asset. But when passing through customs, the physicist's valuable devices aroused suspicions among the employees. After a long inspection, many devices were found to be damaged. They had to be restored again.
Significant invention
In action, the radio was shown in 1896, September 2. The radio signal traveled a couple of miles. All publications in England wrote about this sensation. The inventor has a lot of fans. In 1897, Marconi began working at the Italian Embassy. A talented engineer and physicist, he also proved to be an excellent businessman.
After sending a radio signal in 1897 across Bristol Bay, 9 miles away, several devices were purchased by the British Post for communication with floating beacons. In the summer of Guglielmo, the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company was established. The new organization was building radio stations along the coast.
The Isle of Wight became the first place to install the equipment. The capabilities of radio stations were shown in the homeland of the inventor in 1897. The signal traveled 12 miles. After setting up a connection between the prince's yacht and the residence of the Queen of England, it turned out that the equipment is excellent for sending personal messages.
In 1898, a distress signal was sent for the first time. The first factory for the production of radio transmitters began work. Since 1899, work began to increase the distance of signal transmission. His grandiose achievement was his overcoming the English Channel, that is, 28 miles. However, the main goal of Marconi was the connection between the continents.
A new patent was issued in the spring of 1900. The transmitter was equipped with a capacitor. The inventor has become the absolute ruler of the radio market. His company became Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company Limited. The transmission distances were increased first to 150 and then passed the 186 mile mark. A record amount was allocated for new experiments.
New experiences
The radio stations are located near an English town and on a cape in the United States. The problems started because of the strong wind blowing in these places. He demolished huge antennas, and the storm broke them. The new station was installed in Glace Bay in Canada. The scientist had to look for a solution for a long time.
He used a long wire attached to a kite. However, the wind cut him off too. The scientist continued to work, but the second attempt also failed. But in 1901, on December 12, the first intercontinental transmission was successfully completed by means of the third kite.
The signal traveled over 2000 miles. Experimentally, the statement of physicists about the impossibility of wave propagation over distances of more than 300 miles was refuted due to the curvature of the planet's surface.
Commercial success has expanded in the United States thanks to the worldwide fame of the physicist and scientist. The Canadian government has ordered the transmitters from the new Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America. The installation of the equipment took place in 1902. Five years later, the arrangement of regular transatlantic communications took place.
In 1909, Marconi was awarded the Nobel Prize for his achievements. At the end of the year, a lecture on wireless telephony was delivered. The further work of the scientist was devoted to experiments with ultrashort waves in 1918. In 1919 he went to a conference in Paris as an Italian representative. In the summer of 1920, the first radio program went on the air. In 1927 the famous BBC company was founded. In 1932, radiotelephone communication was established.
Confession
In the personal life of the inventor, everything was not easy. Beatrice O'Brien became his first choice. The family has existed for almost two decades. Three children were born in the marriage. However, the union fell apart.
The second wife of the physicist, Maria Bezzi-Scali, gave him a daughter, Elettra.
The contribution to the development of science was marked not only by the receipt of the Nobel Prize in physics. The King of Italy, Marconi was granted an appointment as a senator in 1909. Two decades later, Guglielmo received the title of Marquis, then headed the Royal Academy.
The famous physicist passed away in 1937, on July 20. On the 2000 lire bill, his portrait flaunts, and the airport terminal in his hometown is named after him.
An excellent entrepreneur has never denied that he uses equipment created by other scientists and implements the ideas of others. But it was Marconi who showed great foresight.
