Science is determined by social practice and the needs of society. At the same time, possessing relative isolation and its own internal logic, it develops according to special laws.
Instructions
Step 1
Considering the development of science in Russia, one cannot ignore the deformation of a scientific institution associated with a totalitarian regime and a system of strict control over all spheres of society. The pressure of political and ideological principles distorted the destinies of not only individual scientists, but also entire directions in science. The truth or falsity of certain postulates depended on the will of the "father of all peoples", as a result of which science turned into a servile pseudoscience.
Step 2
The mechanism of ideological violence also included counteraction against "enemy intrigues and elements." Thus, the discoveries of quantum physics, with all the ensuing ideological upheavals, were directly suppressed and rejected by the authorities. At the same time, work on the creation of an atomic bomb, based on the principles of transformation of matter and energy, was stimulated in every possible way.
Step 3
In general, the unfolded ideological campaign was aimed at liberation from independently-minded theorists, whose research and conclusions did not fit into the general concept of management. The discoveries of quantum physics were labeled "devilry", scientists had to abandon the achievements of modern scientific thought. Scientists who adhered to radical, innovative ideas were dominated by an atmosphere of sharp rejection.
Step 4
The "thaw" began only in the 60s of the XX century. A genuine interest in the problems of science began to awaken, in a form independent of ideology. Conditions have appeared for the interaction of Russian scientists with the works of foreign colleagues. In a changed socio-political atmosphere, a gradual elimination of damage is taking place.
Step 5
The development of science is based on two dialectically interacting processes - differentiation and integration. New scientific disciplines emerge, and intermediate ones emerge at the “junction” of sciences - biochemistry, biophysics, cybernetics, synergetics and many others. There is a simultaneous synthesis and detailing of knowledge.
