Sun Yat-sen is the political leader of the Chinese Revolution. Founder of the state party Kuomintang. For services to the people, Sun Yat-sen received the title "Father of the Nation". Many political and state events are associated with his name, which led to the formation of the People's Republic of China.
Biography of Chinese political leader Sun Yat-sen
The People's Republic of China owes its existence to the revolutionary and leader of the popular movement Sun Yat-sen. Born into a peasant family on November 12, 1866, Sun Yat-sen became a prominent politician and leader of the People's Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen was born in Guangdong province, Cuiheng village. From an early age he was familiar with the hardships of peasant life, saw the arbitrariness of the authorities and landowners. From that time on, a desire was ripe in the boy to free himself from submission to the Manchu-Chinese rulers.
A poor peasant family practically did not have enough money to raise and educate children, so as soon as Sun Yatsen grew up a little, his parents sent him to a village school, where he received his primary education. The boy was taught reading and writing by his uncle. Due to a lack of money, Sun Yat-sen's elder brother Sun Mei left to work in the Hawaiian Islands. After a while, the parents sent their youngest son to him. In Honolulu, Sun Yatsen graduated with honors from a missionary school. The young man helped his brother on the farm, did household chores. Practically not knowing English, Sun Yatsen becomes the best student and receives an honors degree. However, the older brother was afraid that the young man would convert to Christianity and sent him back to China.
Upon returning to Hong Kong, Sun Yat-sen enters the Public School and then the Medical University. In 1894 he completed his education and received a medical degree. However, a medical career was not his goal. Seeing the poverty and oppression of his villagers, Sun Yat-sen grew more and more convinced of the need to transform and revive China.
Sun Yat-sen's political views
While still in medical school, Sun Yat-sen formed the Four Bandits group, which was engaged in the development of revolutionary ideas and methods of struggle. The group discussed plans for a revolution to overthrow the ruling dynasty in China. Initially, Sun Yat-sen did not want to use revolutionary methods of struggle. He believed that liberal democratic reforms could be carried out and the life of the population could be changed. The future revolutionary even sent a memorandum to the authorities, in which he pointed out the most acute contradictions within the country and proposed ways to resolve them. However, his opinion was not heard.
In 1894, Sun Yat-sen created a new organization, the Union for the Liberation of China. The purpose of the organization was to take drastic measures to eliminate the Manchu dynasty. At this time, a revolution is brewing in China, Sun Yatsen begins to support the uprising in Guangzhou. However, the population did not support the rebels, and the government forces managed to calm the rebellion.
In 1905, Sun Yat-sen wrote a program document for the new United Union organization, which in the future was renamed the Kuomintang. The party's program outlined three principles of Sun Yat-sen's policy: nationalism, democracy and the people's well-being. The revolutionary believed that it was necessary to restore the ancient Han dynasty, to transfer power to the people's representatives. Instead of an empire, it was supposed to create a republic with the principle of separation of powers. It was also required to solve the problems of the peasant population, starting with the issue of land distribution.
The Kuomintang Party and the Revolution
Sun Yat-sen was able to realize his ideas during the 1911 Chinese Revolution. Shortly before that, Sun Yatsen left for Europe and then for the United States. While there, he learned about the victory of the revolutionary movement and the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty. During the revolution, the Kuomintang party was founded, which became the driving force of the revolution. In October 1911, the Uchansk uprising won.
The leader of the Chinese revolution is achieving the desired result. He returns to China and holds the post of President of the People's Republic of China. However, after a while he was forced to leave his post in favor of Yuan Shikai. In 1913, Sun Yat-sen sought to gain sole power by raising a new rebellion. But the attempt to carry out a new revolution failed, and Sun Yatsen fled to Japan.
While abroad, Sun Yat-sen continued to work for the benefit of the revolution in China. The political leader returned to the country only in 1922. In Shanghai, he met with the representative of the Soviet Union A. A. Ioffe. Counting on the military support of the Soviet Union and the Comintern, friendly to China, Sun Yatsen strove to implement his program of uniting China and creating a Canton government.
Sun Yatsen strove to make China a powerful, independent, economically developed country. To implement his plan, he went on a trip to the military provinces of North China. However, during the trip, he developed serious health problems. Doctors diagnosed him with liver cancer. China's national leader passed away on March 12, 1925.
Until the end of his life, he worked on the prosperity and development of his state. He wanted to see China as a large, centralized state. According to the dying demands of Sun Yat-sen, he was buried in a mausoleum in Nanjing. In 1940, Sun Yat-sen was awarded the title of "Father of the Nation" by the Chinese government.
