Mysterious 2024, April

The word “laureate”, which denotes the winner of the competition or the winner of the prize, translates as “crowned with laurels”. This custom came from Ancient Greece, where the laurel wreath was a reward, a symbol of victory. Why did laurel receive such an honor?

When drawing up various documents of citizens of the Russian Federation, a separate line is increasingly allocated to indicate the TIN - the taxpayer identification number. TIN is a personal number of a person, which is assigned to him at the offices of the Federal Tax Service at his place of residence and is confirmed by a certificate of registration with the tax authority

In order to ask a question to specialists of the Pension Fund of Russia, you can use a special contact form posted on the website, write a regular letter or call by phone. Instructions Step 1 Call the Office for Work with Citizens of the Pension Fund of Russia on the Moscow phone 495-987-89-07 and ask your question to a specialist

In Christianity, the end of the world is considered to be the second coming of Christ, during which the Last Judgment will take place and the fate of each person will be determined. The Lord Himself says in the Gospel that the exact date of the end of the world is unknown to anyone

Today, anyone can easily take an identification number for themselves. In this case, you just need to contact a special authority (tax office) or fill out an application via the Internet service. The TIN itself has a special code that allows the tax authorities to streamline all payers of different taxes

Russian citizens receive passports at the age of 14. Then at the age of 20 and 45, the passport blanks are changed to new ones. Also, a new passport will have to be obtained when changing the last name or first name (some people even change their appearance and gender)

The circle of persons entitled to claim alimony goes beyond the generally accepted concept of payment of financial support to minor children. The persons connected with family relationships are obliged to help and support each other in difficult life situations

A passport is the main document of a citizen of the Russian Federation, without which you simply cannot do. You get it for the first time at the age of 14; upon reaching the age of 20 and 45, it must be exchanged with the help of state structures

Along with the famous novels "Fahrenheit 451" and "The Martian Chronicles", the work "Dandelion Wine", written on the basis of the author's biography, entered the golden fund of world literature. Popular and still, it opens before the reader pictures of not only childhood, but also adult life, and sometimes even death

There are no parents who do not consider their children talented. He will definitely be gifted with something. That is why adults take their children to circles and sections to help reveal his talent. For children who can and love to sing, the New Wave Children's competition was launched a few years ago

The shoes of the ECCO trademark, famous all over the world for their convenience and environmental friendliness, were nothing more than a small-town notion a few decades ago. Back in 1963, unknown to anyone at that time, the manager of one of the small shoe factories in Copenhagen, founded his own business, having bought out an empty factory, which was located in the south of Denmark

The heroes of the bestselling books and the box office-breaking movies share some common traits. If your book or script needs a strong female protagonist, it's helpful to identify these traits and apply them to your character. Instructions Step 1 Be a mean writer in the beginning

If you come to China or India, but do not speak local languages, if you do not know how to explain to a Frenchman who is lost in Moscow where Red Square is located, you need to know the ways of non-verbal communication with foreigners. It is necessary illustrated phrasebook Instructions Step 1 For many, the word "

The 19th century gave the world many ingenious inventions and works of art. The saxophone, airship, pasteurization, electric welding, trolleybus and much more were invented. Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Dumas and Hugo worked in this era. Many lives were taken by the bloody events of the 19th century - the Napoleonic Wars, the Civil War in the United States, the Russian-Turkish battles

TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language. This international exam can be taken in most countries of the world, it allows you to assess the level of knowledge of English among those people for whom this language is not native. The preparation of materials for the exam was carried out by representatives of Princeton University (New Jersey, USA)

Sometimes a simple task gives people a headache. You have to rewrite everything from the very beginning. This can be avoided by having a clear understanding of what is causing the problem. Instructions Step 1 Prepare the initial data for filling

A person who previously had the citizenship of the Russian Federation, but for any reason has lost it, has the right to recover in it. To do this, he must have a legal source of income in the Russian Federation and spend at least three years in the country with a residence permit

If you decide to move to Ukraine and start a new life, then you will definitely need a passport of the host country. It is not so difficult to get it if you, for example, are a talented specialist in any field. There are several options for obtaining a Ukrainian passport and all related documents

The relevance of the issue that concerns the execution of an agreement is as obvious today as the need to adhere to the clauses of the law in the process of drawing up the same agreement and not only. Today, an agreement is a transaction, which is characterized by the maximum prevalence, between several persons

The regulation of labor relations at the enterprise is carried out with the help of labor laws and regulations. Companies have the right to independently develop local regulations, for example, regulations. These documents, developed taking into account the specifics of a particular enterprise, allow regulating some local labor processes

With the current level of technology development, it will not be difficult to find out where a particular house is located, and get an idea of how to get to it using a computer. To do this, you need to use the online service for finding an object on the map or an address and reference system installed on your computer

Religion and Science. The two most important socio-cultural institutions. Two approaches to the study of the world and the phenomena occurring in it. An eternal confrontation between calculating, rational thinking and all-encompassing love, feelings, faith and spirituality

It's no secret that in order to leave the territory of your country, you need a passport. This document records the entire history of your movements across the borders of states. Often, citizens of Ukraine, faced with the need to obtain a foreign passport, do not know the order of their actions

In January 2011, a new Law “On Compulsory Health Insurance in the Russian Federation” was adopted. There is a clause in it that indicates that if you have a compulsory health insurance policy (MHI), a person can be served in any clinic. Instructions Step 1 If you have a compulsory medical insurance policy, then it will not be difficult to move from one clinic to another

The service of searching for a person by mobile phone is provided by several major telecom operators: MegaFon, Beeline and MTS. It is not difficult to use it, you just need to dial the specified number and wait for the receipt of information about the location of the subscriber

The "green revolution" has occurred in the agriculture of several developing countries due to acute food shortages caused by intensive population growth. It covers the period from the 40s to the 70s of the last century and is associated with the widespread use of new technologies in agriculture

Many students studying higher mathematics in their senior years probably wondered: where are differential equations (DE) used in practice? As a rule, this issue is not discussed in lectures, and teachers immediately move on to solving differential equations, without explaining to students the application of differential equations in real life

Everything in the world is interconnected. Whatever a person does, his actions will always affect the world around him. And accordingly, and on himself. Karma, Buddhists or Hindus will say. God's retribution, Christians will say. A causal law, think the materialists skeptical of all mysticism

The second half of the 19th century gave Russian literature many classics. During this "golden time" the great writer Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov lived and worked, who was able to widely depict Russian life not in long novels, but in essays, stories, chronicles and stories

V.P. Astafiev wrote his works "Vasyutkino Lake" in 1952. A summary of the story will help you get to know this interesting story in 15 minutes. The biography of the writer will allow you to learn about his difficult but interesting fate

This writer became known to a wide range of readers after the publication of a book entitled "The Story of a Real Man". Boris Polevoy began his path to the heights of literary mastery at school. Childhood and youth The future writer was born on March 17, 1908 in an intelligent family

A marriage with a citizen of another country is often not only an alliance with another person, but also with a different culture and traditions. Therefore, before plunging into the pre-wedding bustle, try to carefully study the subtleties and legal aspects of this issue

Since ancient times, at the courts of large rulers, there has been a special caste of people who were entrusted with the performance of certain power functions. Regardless of the structure of the court ranks, they have always been part of the elite, enjoying certain privileges and rights that are inaccessible to other members of society

According to the law, all real estate transactions are subject to registration, contracts for which are concluded for a period of 1 year or more. Such operations are carried out by the registration chamber, the official name of which is the Federal Agency for Real Estate Cadastre

Many, who got nasty in the morning in transport, sometimes worry about this all day, or even longer, their mood is spoiled. To prevent this from happening, you need to arm yourself with simple, but very effective ways to tame the impudent. Any boor has a single goal - he wants to piss off his opponent in order to get maximum pleasure from the process

When registering your company, the tax authorities assigned you OGRN - the main state registration number of a legal entity. This number is assigned once and for all. But the PSRN certificate form can be lost or become unusable. In this case, you will have to get a duplicate of it from the tax authorities

Almost the whole country knows the participants of the scandalous reality show on the TNT channel. And close attention is riveted to their personal lives. Moreover, the information published in the press is not always reliable. "

Despite the fact that in world practice the institution of registration is considered an atavism, it is impossible to live in Russia without registration. Or rather, you can, but no more than 90 days if you are a citizen of the Russian Federation, and three days if you are a foreign citizen or stateless person

In order to draw up and execute a will, the obligatory personal presence of a citizen is required. It is unacceptable to draw up this document through a representative. After drawing up a will, a citizen has every right to dispose of his property at will throughout his life

The modern word registration has supplanted the boring concept of registration. However, little has fundamentally changed in Russian migration legislation: in order to legally live and work in the capital, you need to have registration at the place of residence or at the place of stay

Citizenship is a stable relationship between a person and a state. Becoming a subject of this or that country, you acquire your obligations to it (such as paying taxes, conscription, observance of laws) in exchange for the rights and freedoms provided, and social guarantees

If for some reason you needed to find a person, and you only know his name and the city in which he lives, you have many opportunities to achieve your goals. Modern technology will allow you to find the address of the person you need and learn a lot of facts from his life

Throughout its development, mankind has striven to speak a single language. Once it was Latin, German, French, and then it became English. This was facilitated by several factors - historical and sociocultural. Today in the world, several languages are most widespread - they are spoken in many countries and over vast territories

Italian citizenship will give the right to reside not only in Italy itself, but also in any other country of the European Union. In addition, it will be possible to use social insurance, get the right to vote, visit many countries of the world in a visa-free regime, work in the countries of the European Union (both as an entrepreneur and for hire)

Passing the USE or other exams is a difficult test that causes fear and anxiety in students. How to cope with your condition, if even a sedative does not help. What saint should pray for a successful surrender? The long-awaited summer is in the yard, but only schoolchildren of elementary and middle grades are happy about this

There are many situations that may require dual citizenship or second citizenship. But different countries have different requirements for its design. How can you get the citizenship of another country, if necessary? Instructions Step 1 Learn the basic principles of the legislation of the country whose citizenship you want to obtain

In order for a person to be able to register at the place of residence, he will need to sign out and receive an address sheet of departure. You do not need such a document to register at the place of stay. Instructions Step 1 Prepare documents for deregistration (passport or birth certificate, extract from the house book)

A visitor visa differs from others in that the purpose of your visit to the country is to visit a friend or relative living there. To confirm this, you must provide the consulate with an invitation and documents confirming the status of the person inviting you in the country of his residence

Foreigners or stateless persons who wish to obtain a residence permit must first obtain a temporary residence permit in Russia. How to do this without delays and special problems is not an easy task. Instructions Step 1 First of all, carefully read the Law "

If you have lost your passport, the only way to restore it is to contact the passport office of the housing office or the Federal Migration Service to obtain a new one with a set of necessary documents. It is necessary - statement about the circumstances of the loss of the passport

If you decide to register a company in Moscow, prepare yourself for the fact that it will take you more than one week to collect and execute all the documents. There are a large number of firms that provide services for the registration of legal entities and individuals

Obtaining a residence permit in Belarus is not a one-step process and consists of many actions. And some of them will need to be done at home, some - already in Belarus. In order not to get confused, draw up a plan of action in advance, a list of necessary documents and use the algorithm of actions that we offer you

If you are planning to move to live in the United States of America for many years or forever, then you will need a permanent residence - a green card (Green Card). This is an official immigration document that allows a foreigner to stay in the United States and work, although a work permit will have to be obtained separately

America is the land of desires. The flow of immigrants to the United States is not decreasing. On the contrary, there are so many people who want to leave our country that our government has become thoughtful. America has almost no native population

The procedure for applying to the court for alimony does not differ from the procedure for filing a claim for another matter. In this case, the court of the Russian Federation must protect the interests of the child in accordance with the current legislation, which directly obliges parents to support their minor children

Sweden is one of the most prosperous countries in Europe. Its high standard of living and socio-political stability make this state very attractive for the emigration of residents of the countries of the former Soviet Union. However, the tough immigration policy and the wary attitude of the Swedish authorities towards foreign immigrants seriously complicate the move to the country

In the minds of many Russians, Sweden is an example of a calm, prosperous and comfortable country for life. However, with immigration to this stronghold of well-being for non-EU citizens, things are very difficult. But this does not mean that the move is impossible

A forensic examination can be ordered by the court to be able to give an objective verdict. Or it can be appointed at the request of the plaintiff or the defendant. Also, the Civil Court has the right to appoint an examination on its own initiative

Faced with any violations in the store, customers often do not know exactly where to complain about the lack of professionalism of the service personnel, poor-quality goods or something else. However, for this there are a number of instances defending the rights of consumers

It is unlikely that there is at least one adult person who would not have to collect documents at least once in his life, standing in huge queues under the offices of officials. To avoid this, in January 2014, the law on the provision of public services in electronic form to the population of Russia came into force

In recent years, issues related to the participation of citizens in court hearings have become popular. Very often, fictional stories are considered in special television programs, which become the subject of legal proceedings. The peculiarities of modern reality do not exclude your participation in the real consideration by the court of a civil or criminal case

Russian law provides for the inheritance of the property of the deceased in turn, depending on the closeness of kinship. But inheritance on the basis of succession is possible only when the deceased did not leave a will. First order heirs The Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes a sequence according to which the relatives of the deceased can accept his inheritance

Russia provides an opportunity for citizens of other countries to move temporarily to the country before obtaining a residence permit. This is done subject to certain conditions and the presence of certain documents. It is necessary Documents required for filing an application with the FMS

There are situations in life when a person cannot receive a parcel sent to him by relatives or friends due to the fact that he does not have his own passport in his hands. Do not despair, but think a little or seek help from a lawyer. Instructions Step 1 It is imperative to enter passport data in the notification

Pole's card is a document confirming that a person belongs to the Polish nation. You can get the card in your country, without leaving Poland. A Pole's card gives a person certain non-civilian preferences, in particular, the opportunity to study for free and work legally, obtain a long-term visa, and engage in entrepreneurial activities in Poland

Citizen - this concept has a lot of meanings and statuses, and which of them a person chooses as a priority for himself, this is only his business and his choice. Someone perceives this word only from a legal point of view, and someone as a high rank in terms of patriotism

In July 2011, an agreement was reached between the governments of Moscow and the Moscow region to change the boundaries of these two subjects of the federation. After the discussion, a resolution was signed "On the approval of the agreement on changing the borders between Moscow and the Moscow region

The bigwigs of German business, who brought Adolf Hitler to power in Germany, rightly hoped that their protégé would be able to suppress the growing communist movement in the country. And the new German chancellor more than justified their hopes by staging the greatest provocation in world political history - the arson of the Reichstag

The phrase "Nord-Ost" became a household name after the tragedy that happened in 2002 at the Theater Center on Dubrovka in Moscow. This is the name of the musical staged based on the novel "Two Captains", the theater troupe and spectators of which became hostages of the terrorists who seized the theater

October 2, 2001 on the American channel NBC premiered the television series Scrubs (in Russian translation - clinic). The series immediately attracted attention with its controversial humor and life philosophy of young doctors. main characters The main character of all seasons of the series (except for the last one) is Dr

Plotnikova Marina Vladimirovna (1974-1991) - the heroine of Russia. Shortly before her death, she managed to get a certificate of graduation from a rural school. She drowned while rescuing three children who nearly sank in the river. Biography Was born on May 11, 1974 in the small village of Zubrilovo (Penza region) in a large family

The most terrible and deadly war of all times and peoples is the Great Patriotic War! Millions of people died in it, including young guys who desperately defended their homeland. Leonid Aleksandrovich Golikov is one of such heroes, immortally living in the hearts of compatriots

Mount Mithridates is the most remarkable place in the city. This is the ancient history of Kerch. Instructions Step 1 Mount Mithridat is one of the attractions of the city of Kerch, the height of the mountain reaches 92 meters, it can be seen from all points of the city

In March 1953, the leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, passed away. This event marked the beginning of the destruction of the system known as the Stalinist regime. Soon, the country, in dire need of change, received a new leader. One of the leaders of the party, Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, became him

Ancient Greece had many rulers whose titles and names are so intertwined with legends and confusing that it is difficult to separate them from mythological heroes and personalize them. The only thing that can be said for sure is the common name of the Greek rulers

Ivan IV the Terrible - Tsar and Grand Duke of All Russia was a real "Bluebeard" of his time. Some historians believe that most of the women were later attributed to Ivan the Terrible. He only had four legal wives, while the church allowed only three marriages

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Russian Social Democrats, who held Marxist positions, united into the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. But already at the second party congress, held in 1903, the revolutionaries disagreed and split into two factions:

June 22, 1941 - the day of the beginning of the most brutal, most merciless war that ever took place on the territory of the Russian state. Treacherously, without declaring war, German troops invaded the territory of the USSR. Only the courage, courage, and devotion to their country of ordinary Soviet people made it possible to defeat the fascist invaders

Like many other countries, Russia has known many wars. Many times our country had to defend its territory. But only two wars entered Russian history under the name of the Patriotic. The First Patriotic War began on June 24, 1812. Former revolutionary general Napoleon Bonaparte, who by that time had already managed to proclaim himself emperor and conquer half of Europe, crossed the border of the Russian Empire

At the end of World War II, the USSR and the countries of the socialist camp that appeared on the world stage took measures to strengthen their defenses in order to effectively resist the capitalist encirclement. In 1955, a treaty was solemnly signed in Warsaw, which laid the foundation for the existence of a military bloc of the countries of the socialist community

All the events in Russia that took place in 1721 are somehow connected with the name of Peter I, who at that time was the head of state. The main event was undoubtedly the end of the protracted Northern War. End of the Northern War In 1721, the Northern War, which lasted 21 years, ended

Cargo 200 is the transportation of the coffin with the body by various means of transport. When organizing such transportation, relatives most often use air transport due to its speed. It is necessary - document on registration of death

Beautiful New Zealand is one of the most picturesque and cleanest countries in the world, home to the unique Maori people. These aborigines are the oldest inhabitants of their flourishing land and have many curious traditions, one of which is the original greeting

If you need to send a letter to Spain, please note that there are certain differences between sending domestic and international correspondence. They must be taken into account in order for your message to reach the right place. Instructions Step 1 Find out the address where you need to send the letter

Traditionally, it is believed that any modern society can be prosperous if there is a strong state and strong power in it. But there are political movements that advocate the complete abolition of the compulsory management of society, against the establishment of power over human freedoms

In single-industry cities, the livelihoods of the bulk of the population directly depend on the functioning of one large enterprise. This dependence often leads to a negative change in the standard of living of people due to instability in the work of the city-forming enterprise

On May 22, 2018, the mayor of Yekaterinburg, Yevgeny Roizman, at a meeting of the city duma announced his early resignation from his post. This was done in response to the adoption by the deputies of amendments to the city charter, canceling direct elections of the mayor in Yekaterinburg

The USA is a North American state with an area of 9, 5 million square kilometers, on which there are 50 states, which are the main administrative units of the country. According to 2013 data, 320 million people live in them, and the capital of the state is located in the city of Washington

In the European Union, there are economic standards that are uniform for all countries, one of the points of which obliges states to keep the GDP deficit within 3%. But in Spain in 2011 this figure reached 8, 9%. To reduce it, the country's government must take austerity measures, which even in the plans provoke fierce protests from workers

Dark political games involving human sacrifice have always excited the minds of the common man in the street. The events of 2003 were hotly discussed by the public, but no one has come to a consensus until now. To try to understand the reasons for the US invasion of Iraq will have to turn to the source of our wisdom - history

Many people know about the existence of a legend about the great and powerful Atlantis, which about 12 thousand years ago disappeared from the face of the earth in one night. As the ancient Greek philosopher Plato argued about two thousand years ago, an island located in the Atlantic Ocean disappeared in the depths of sea waters along with its inhabitants

The evening, which I call Christmas Eve among the Slavs, is the time of preparation for the great Christian holiday of the Epiphany of the Lord's Baptism. Many folk signs and rituals are associated with this holiday, which were adhered to many centuries ago

Everyone is well aware of the famous T-34 tank, which went through the entire Great Patriotic War and made a huge contribution to the victory of our country over the invaders. However, the T-34 did not appear out of the blue. The T-28 medium tank became its elder brother and, in fact, the model to follow

Restyling is a concept that is used in marketing to refer to external changes in the company's image. For example, changing the logo or corporate colors. Restyling is a kind of redecoration in the house: the furniture is the same, but everything looks much fresher

Some people believe that betting on sports events at bookmakers is not only a hobby, but also a way to make profit. However, it is very, very difficult to beat the bookmaker, and not everyone succeeds. It is necessary Deep knowledge in any field of sports, attentiveness, ability to work with statistics, good luck

Situational comedy or sitcom is a very popular television genre. This genre has its own rather strict canons. Currently, a huge number of sitcoms are filmed in various countries of the world. An ancient genre of comedy We can say that, in general, situational comedy is a very ancient genre

Speaking in front of an audience often creates excitement for the speaker. I would like to show myself and my work in the best possible light, to interest the audience, to make sure that the report is liked. Using a few simple techniques can help you make your presentation more interesting and keep you focused

A common situation when parents, in addition to classes in kindergarten or school, consider it necessary for their child to attend additional developmental circles and clubs of interest. Parents are also well aware that someone who does a lot needs rest

A good funeral company seeks to alleviate the suffering of the loved ones of the deceased and take all the care of organizing the funeral, so that everything goes according to tradition or the wishes of clients. However, alas, there are also people who are used to preying on someone else's misfortune and making customers pay exorbitant prices for services

Dating - this word in Russian can have different meanings, some of which are similar to English, while others acquire exclusively local specifics. Dating is dating The word dating is derived from the English "Dating"

The Japanese authorities have decided to deport the Chinese activists who carried out the rally on the Senkaku Islands. The archipelago is the subject of a territorial dispute between China and Japan. The Senkaku Archipelago, or as the Chinese call it Diaoyutai, ceded to Japan in 1895 as a result of the First Sino-Japanese War

Two opposing mechanisms - export and import - function in the world economy and make up all international trade. All modern countries act as exporters and importers. So what is the essence of these processes? The essence of export and import Exports and imports are the two main mechanisms of the external and internal economy of any country

Citizens united in a religious group can apply for the creation of a religious organization. But at the same time, in accordance with the legislation, their application must meet a number of requirements. Instructions Step 1 The procedure for creating a church is quite complex

It happens that you urgently need to make a sign, but there is no way to contact professionals with this. A simple, but high-quality and durable sign is quite possible to make yourself! It is necessary Instructions Step 1 To make a sign that will not only attract attention, but also last a long time, you will need the following materials:

Many educational institutions and public organizations have their own periodicals. The use of computer programs makes publishing simple and accessible even to a non-professional. One of the main stages of publishing activity is the creation of a newspaper layout

The power of the country lies in the production of competitive goods, services, works. Manufacturing is located primarily in cities. The city swallows up villages. But the city and the village cannot live without. That is why a state program should be adopted and developed for the development of the countryside, for granting benefits to rural intelligentsia, for the revival of churches

Gaius Julius Caesar constantly wore a laurel wreath for several reasons. Such a headdress in those days was considered a sign of a real hero, it was he who adorned the heads of the winners of the Olympiads. But was the laurel wreath for Caesar only a symbol of power and authority?

Our ancestors were originally pagans. They worshiped many gods - Perun, Svarog, Dzhabog and others. Christianity in Russia was introduced en masse by the Grand Duke Vladimir. He implanted this religion at times with very harsh methods. However, in the end, Russia was baptized

The political process is a set of successive events in the activities of policy subjects, which are formed under the influence of internal and external factors. Their specificity is their focus on the conquest, use and retention of power. Revolution as a kind of political process The following types of political processes can be distinguished:

As such, there are no criteria for social progress, since progress in one area of social life is continuously associated with regression in another area of social relations. However, there are certain well-established views regarding social progress, its possibilities, direction and speed

In the Middle Ages, alchemists firmly knew that lead or tin can be easily converted into gold with the help of the philosopher's stone. The problem itself was the search for a mysterious substance that transformed simple metals. Has any of the modern scientists been able to find this substance and is there really an omnipotent element?

Solemn marches and heartfelt songs are written by people who live nearby, on the next street or even in the next house. Eduard Kolmanovsky, a famous Soviet composer, wrote many works that sound as relevant today as in previous years. Starting conditions People's Artist of the Soviet Union Eduard Savelievich Kolmanovsky was born on December 9, 1923

Everyone knows them. They are admired. Their marriage was entwined with myths that they themselves created. And their poems are forever inscribed in golden letters in the history of Russian poetry. But was everything really so cloudless? Here you will get acquainted with the love story of two geniuses of the Silver Age poetry, Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov

The official-business style is considered to be the style associated with the service of the administrative-public and legal sphere of activity. It is used in the preparation of documents and letters to the structures of the state level. In addition, the style is used in the process of oral communication, which is of a business nature

The Caucasus is rich in talented people. Gifted musicians, writers, public figures make up the cultural elite, which the whole nation is proud of. I would like to tell you about the Soviet poetess Raisa Soltamuradovna Akhmatova in a special way

Firefighter's Day is celebrated annually on April 30th. The tradition of celebrating this very day dates back to the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who issued the "Order of the Gradsky Deanery". In this document, fire safety rules were prescribed, which provided for a constant watch in case of fire sources

Even people far from metallurgy have heard about damask steel - a grade of the famous steel. The first information about damask blades belongs to the times of the legendary campaigns to India of Alexander the Great. Even 2300 years ago, the outlandish swords of the Hindus easily cut huge stones and with grace cut the thin silk of handkerchiefs in the air

Knowing how to calculate macroeconomic indicators will help you learn more about the situation in a particular country. For example, an indicator such as national income provides information on how the economy is developing and consumption opportunities in a particular state

Journalist, physician and politician Jean-Paul Marat, by the will of fate, became one of the leaders of the Great French Revolution. His personality is controversial: some are very positive about his activities, others consider him a cruel executioner, a disgusting and unworthy person

December 6 is one of the brightest and most famous days of the calendar. It was on this date that Russian and foreign political figures, historical figures, actors, athletes and many other famous people were born. Celebrities born on December 6th to 20th century On December 6, 1285, the famous king of Castile and León Fernando IV was born, known for his constant work to unite the country, torn apart by internecine warriors

For any country, one of its attributes is the form of government. Distinguish, in particular, parliamentary, presidential and mixed republics. Their classification is due to the distribution of certain powers between the parliament and the president

In terms of state structure, Germany can be safely called a classic example of a country of a federal order. The subjects of its federation are 16 federal states with their own constitutions, governments and legislative bodies. Instructions Step 1 According to its state structure, Germany is a parliamentary federal republic

Algeria, the second largest state in Africa, was a French colony from 1830 to 1962. The state was called French Algeria. The influence of the French affected everything: the language, the way of life of the Algerians, the appearance of buildings

The oldest mosque in Cairo, Ibn Tulun, enjoys special honor and respect. Fortress-like, the oldest in the city, it was founded in 879. The mosque was not rebuilt. As they say in Cairo, its architecture conveys the spirit and era of early Egypt

Today, when globalization erases the boundaries and differences in the way of life of many peoples on our planet, you begin to understand especially sharply that national traditions, culture and, especially, language are of great value that needs to be protected and saved

A century and a half ago, a philosophical trend appeared and gradually strengthened, whose representatives critically evaluated the achievements of the idealistic worldview. Under the influence of a critical approach in philosophy, realism also developed in literature and art

"Be realistic" - such an instructive admonition is often heard by a person whose views on life are distinguished by childish naivety and overestimated expectations in relation to reality. But does this mean that any absence of infantilism is realism?

Society cannot consist of any one class, no matter how much people want it. Over the centuries, it has differentiated into different strata and estates. The concept of "estate" is characteristic of the pre-capitalist period in the development of history

The main goal of a scientific text is to convey to readers any relevant idea, comprehensively substantiating the author's opinion. Its distinctive features are structuredness, sequence of presentation according to the principle “from general to particular” or “from particular to general”, accuracy of formulations, unambiguity of the concepts and terms used

The division into federal districts is a modern territorial structure of Russia, enshrined in presidential decree No. 849 of May 12, 2000 "On the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the federal district

The Russian Federation as a state took shape at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, acquiring its characteristic features. The modern Russian state has not yet reached the peak of its development, since it is forced to overcome difficulties in various areas of its activity

Genetics is a relatively young science dealing with the study of the laws of heredity and variability of living organisms, which is especially interesting due to its bold and sometimes unexpected experiments. Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the latest biotechnology tool that allows you to obtain the required qualities of an organism by manipulating genes and introducing them into other organisms

Bluegrass is a form of Native American music. This style has its roots in Irish, Scottish and English traditional music. Bluegrass is a quirky mix of jazz and blues. History of bluegrass This musical style emerged in the forties of the last century, after the end of the war, which significantly hindered the development of all music

Techno is a direction of electronic music that emerged in the mid-80s of the XX century in Detroit, which later gained particular popularity in Europe. This style is characterized by artificiality of sound, repeated repetition of the structural elements of the musical composition and accentuation of mechanical rhythms

Hip-hop is a very popular musical genre in the modern world, which is considered a combination of several elements, and not only songs. These are break dance, graffiti, DJing and ejection. Moreover, over the several decades of its existence, hip-hop has acquired several completely independent directions - pop-rap, hardcore-rap and many others

A shocking April Fool's joke was the 4th episode of the 13th season of the famous American comedy animated series for adults "South Park", which aired on April 01, 2009. The creators titled the plot "Eat, Pray, Let Gas" (Eat, Pray, Queet), distorting the words in the title of the novel by Elizabeth Gilbert "

There are seven church sacraments in Christianity. All of them provide beneficial benefits for the soul and body of a person, contribute to the growth of personality in a spiritual sense. The sacrament of the sacrament is the center of the liturgical life of the Church

It is difficult to guess right away that a "foreign consultant" will turn out to be the devil himself. The demon Abadonna, the vampiress Gella, the cat Behemoth, Koroviev-Fagot, Azazello - all these characters were part of the retinue of Woland:

The Roman horseman Pontius Pilate entered the annals of the ancient world as the fifth governor of Judea. The years of his reign were associated with various historical and fateful deeds. The most significant of them is the judgment of Jesus Christ

By the 30s of the 7th century, a large state was formed on the territory of Arabia, the rulers of which concentrated enormous power in their hands and created the Islamic empire of the Arab Caliphate. By the middle of the VIII century, it included many states, including the Northwestern part of India

Modern society develops according to an unwritten law, which can only be traced with deep analysis. Unfortunately, we are not developing in all areas. The situation is likely to be dire in a few generations. The development of modern society can be viewed in several contexts

Political system - a set of interactions of various subjects associated with the exercise of political power. The political system consists of various elements and exists due to their interaction. Instructions Step 1 The political system can be structured on various grounds

Socialism is a type of government based on the principles of fair distribution of public goods. In the history of mankind, there have been many concepts of the socialist system and several examples of their practical implementation. Instructions Step 1 The term "

Despite the fact that the Soviet Union collapsed, the people's memory did not have time to completely forget the almost century-old era. Not surprisingly, some young people are wondering, "What is communism?" Without understanding your own history, you cannot draw correct conclusions about the future

Yaroslav the Wise - Great Kiev Prince. During his reign, Kievan Rus reached the highest power and international recognition. The noblest royal courts of Europe wanted to intermarry with the family of Yaroslav the Wise. The prince's nickname "

Many Russian military units have their own patron saint, who is believed to ensure their success in military affairs. The Russian Border Troops are no exception in this regard. The patron saint of the border troops of the Russian Federation is the famous epic hero Ilya Muromets

Milo Djukanovic - President-elect of Montenegro in 2018. According to experts, he has actually ruled the country for the past three decades. Most of the planned work is related to European integration. Milo Djukanovic is a Montenegrin statesman and politician

Studying foreign languages opens up new career prospects, makes it possible to watch films and read books in the original, understand the meaning of songs, and simply trains memory. However, not all languages are learned with the same ease - some of them are very simple, and those that are extremely difficult to learn

Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov is a politician, the recognized leader of the communists. He ran for President of the Russian Federation four times, each time taking second place. Biography Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov was born in a family of rural teachers (his mother taught in elementary grades, and his father taught most of the subjects at school

Orthodoxy was adopted in 988 by the Russian prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich. Kievan Rus went for a long time towards the adoption of Christianity and transformation from a pagan state into an Orthodox one. This was due to economic, political and socio-cultural prerequisites

The name of the composer Alexander Porfirievich Borodin shines in the history of Russian music. Recognition was given to his opera "Prince Igor". She does not leave the stage to this day. The performances are perceived by the audience with great success

The Patriarchate in Russia was established in 1589 during the reign of Fyodor Ivanovich. In May of that year, Ecumenical Patriarch Jeremiah II ordained Metropolitan Job of Moscow to the patriarchal dignity. The decision was confirmed by the councils held in Constantinople in 1590 and 1593

Alexander Ostrovsky is one of the brightest representatives of Russian drama of the 19th century. He wrote over fifty plays, some of which are still relevant and are included in the repertoire of many theaters. His work caused sharp controversy in literary circles and misunderstanding among Tsar Nicholas I

The great migration of peoples is the mass migration of tribes in the IV century AD from the outskirts of the Roman Empire and lands outside it to the central regions. This event has a complex of reasons, among which the main role was played by the attacks of the nomadic Huns from the east and the improvement of living standards, as a result of which people sought a sedentary lifestyle and the seizure of land

The history of mankind is the history of wars. With the development of civilizations, perhaps, there was not a day on Earth when conflicts between countries did not occur at any point. Numerous wars, especially those that took place in the last century, have claimed tens of millions of lives

The Greek word "philosophy" denotes the desire of a person in reflection to comprehend the essence, the nature of phenomena. Literally the word "philosophy" is translated from Greek as "wisdom". The main question around which the whole philosophy "

The causes of the Holocaust … They can be named after substantiating the premises. But none of these reasons, and all of them taken together, will never be able to justify or explain why what happened became possible. Why the Catastrophe happened

The Silver Age begins in the 90s of the 19th century. This turning point went down in history under such a charming name. A restless atmosphere raged in the state, demanding drastic changes. Writers also strove to master new literary images, put forward bold experimental ideas

Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont is a Russian poet, literary critic and translator. He was perhaps the most outspoken supporter of impressionism in the early stages of the symbolism of Russian poetry. Biography facts Balmont was born on June 4, 1867 in the Gumnishchi of the Shuisky district of the Vladimir province

Power is the right and the ability to compel people to perform certain actions, duties, often contrary to their wishes. Such coercion can take many forms: from rather mild, democratic methods to downright rude, authoritarian and even criminal ones

Even the most remote person from politics is constantly confronted with the concept of "power". For example, with some serious shortcomings, problems in the state and society, the question immediately arises: "Where are the authorities looking?

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, born at the beginning of the 19th century, is considered a recognized master of social and psychological novels. The writer created vivid images not only of representatives of the outgoing noble era, but also of new heroes of his time - democrats and commoners

May - June is a great time to visit one of the paradises of Central Russia, which breathes the atmosphere of the 19th century - the State Lermontov Museum-Reserve "Tarkhany". Everything here is permeated with Lermontov's spirit, and it seems that time has stood still - you expect that grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna is about to go out of the manor house or Mishenka and her nanny will go “to watch the horses”

Vasily Pavlovich Aksenov - Russian writer, screenwriter, public figure. He was a member of the PEN Club and the American Authors' League, as well as an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Arts. Winner of the Russian Booker Prize and the Tsarskoye Selo Art Prize

Samuil Marshak is deservedly considered one of the best Russian poets and translators. Translating poetry has been his favorite pastime since childhood. And every year, as a translator, he improved and changed. Instructions Step 1 One of Marshak's favorite Scottish poets was Robert Burns

For a long time, some people wondered whether historical events occur chaotically, by chance and coincidence, or whether they obey some laws. To this day, this issue is a subject of discussion, causing heated discussions. Many historians, philosophers, economists, psychologists are still trying to comprehend the laws of historical processes

In the language of any people, there are stable expressions, the meaning of which is clear without additional explanations. But the origin of some of them is difficult to explain without knowing the history of the people. And sometimes, in order to understand the origin of phraseological units, it is worth turning to the folklore of other peoples

It is believed that the ancestors of such peoples as Russians, Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, Serbs, Bosnians, etc., were the Slavs. But how the forefathers of so many peoples appeared and where the long history of the origin of the Slavs goes, historians still do not fully know

Harem in the broadest sense of the word means the female half of the house in Muslim countries: women and children lived there, no men were allowed there, except for the owner. But the more common meaning of this word is a group of wives, slaves, concubines and other women of a noble Muslim who live in his palace

Donald Cook is a United States Marine Corps officer who died in captivity in the Vietnam War in 1967. The famous American destroyer USS Donald Cook (DDG-75) of the US Navy is named after the hero. This is the twenty-fifth unit of the most massive post-war series of American warships

The appearance of a minted metal coin is an important milestone in the history of any state. This is evidence that this society has reached a high degree of economic and social development. The first Russian coins At the end of the 10th century

Perhaps, not a single animal mankind has come up with as many legends, proverbs and accepts as about a cat. She is considered a guide to the other world and knows how to see ghosts and ghosts. Cats relieve headaches, calm nerves and anticipate earthquakes

Recently, more and more people around the world are interested in Marxism. The system of views on society, politics and economics developed by Marx, Engels and Lenin certainly contains some contradictions. But at the same time, it is distinguished by sufficient harmony and logical justification

Christianity is the largest world religion, based on the life and teachings of Jesus Chrits, described in the New Testament. True Christians sacredly believe in Jesus of Nazareth, consider him to be God's son, the Messiah, and do not doubt the historicity of his personality

Beginning in the 10th century, the Russian land split into many lands, called principalities, at the head of which were rulers - princes. Someone ruled skillfully and for the benefit of the living peoples. Someone was remembered only for outrages, bribery and theft

Not everyone knows that A.S. Pushkin was not only a poet and writer, but also translated other people's works and was fond of studying languages. According to the researchers, in addition to Russian, to one degree or another he was familiar with sixteen languages, although only French was fluent

Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is a wonderful poet of the 19th century. However, many people know him not only as a wonderful poet and writer, but also as a good translator. Zhukovsky loved to translate the poets of England, Germany, France and Greece

The Russian state began to take shape more than a thousand years ago and went through several stages in its development. One of the most difficult and dramatic of them is the time of feudal fragmentation. Its signs appeared already in the middle of the 11th century

A dynasty is representatives of the same clan, who are successive successors of each other's cause. The monarchic dynasty is linked by relatives of the royal, "blue" bloods and a special system of succession of power. Instructions Step 1 The most striking example of a monarchical dynasty in Russia is perhaps the last ruling monarchical family of the Romanov family

Every leader is required to make a huge number of decisions every day. These requirements come both "from above" and "from below" and, as a rule, in writing. This means that you should also respond to these requirements in writing, correctly drawing up your resolution on the documents

The American TV series "Hercules", which was filmed in the period from 1995 to 1999 in the picturesque expanses of New Zealand, is one of the most popular adaptations of the ancient Greek legends about Hercules. Many fans of this series would like to see its sequel - so should we expect new adventures of the son of Zeus and a mortal woman?

The Christian Church has bestowed on the world many saints, a special order of which is called saints. Most often, monks become monks, famous for their virtuous life and great spiritual exploits. The Monk Daniel the Stylite is one of these holy ascetics

An example of genuine courage, perseverance, true love for the Motherland remains in the national memory and history of Russia the feat of the people, whose share fell to the terrible time of the Leningrad blockade. Instructions Step 1 At the cost of huge losses, real martyrdom, the Russian people, the defenders of Leningrad besieged by the Nazis, paid

Radiy Pogodin is a popular Soviet children's writer and screenwriter. His adult prose is less known: the author wrote a lot about the military soldier's life, about everything that he knew and saw with his own eyes. At the end of his life, Pogodin took up painting and began to write poetry

Now the word "surrealism" is often understood as something strange, fantastic, irrational. Initially, the term denoted the largest movement in art of the early 20th century, which spread throughout the world. A bit of history In 1924, the French poet and writer André Breton published the Manifesto of Surrealism

Socialism is an ideology in which freedom, equality and brotherhood are recognized as the main values. The followers of the current sought to transform a society based on private property, to a society of social equality. For the first time the term "

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Russia, which has been actively expanding its borders for several centuries, reached a grandiose size - more than 19 million square kilometers, that is, about 1/6 of the land area of the globe. Its borders stretched from the Pacific coast in the east to Polish lands along the Vistula in the west, from the Pamir mountains in the south to the shores of the Arctic Ocean

The change of dominant states is a frequent phenomenon in modern history. Over the past few centuries, the palm of the world championship has passed from one leader to another more than once. History of the last superpowers In the 19th century, Britain was the undisputed world leader

In the Middle Ages, plague, cholera, dysentery and other epidemics raged in Europe, claiming millions of lives. A significant role in this was played by the dirt, unsanitary conditions and complete lack of hygiene that reigned around. Hygienic procedures, elevated to a cult in ancient times, with the spread of Christianity in Europe, were recognized as a harmful excess

For many years in many countries it was believed that the Catholic Church is evil and the devil on earth. They knew about her only that she organized crusades, the Inquisition was born in her and she was monstrously aggressive towards all dissidents and professing other religions, especially Jews and Cathars

The process of privatization or transfer of state property to private hands has been actively carried out in Russia since the early 1990s. It can be divided into two major stages. The essence and goals of privatization in Russia Privatization is a process of transferring state ownership into private ownership

The history of Russia has always interested historians from different countries for its originality. Each of them explains this peculiarity in its own way, but they all agreed that there are three main factors that determine the difference between Russian history and Western history

The birth of Jesus Christ is described in the holy books of Christians, called the gospels. In particular, the evangelists Matthew and Mark narrate about this great historical event. The birthplace of Jesus is the city of Bethlehem. Bethlehem is currently under the Palestinian National Authority

Human culture is made up of many elements, among which the most important are values, moral norms and ideals. What is meant by “values”? This is the property of any objects, phenomena, to satisfy the desires, needs, interests of an individual or a group of people

Value is the importance of an object, a phenomenon. At the same time, its significance and usefulness act as subjective assessments of specific properties involved in the sphere of human social being. This concept has a wide scope, but it is especially often used in the field of art

The inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun are very jealous of their culture and rarely borrow anything from the European cultural heritage. It is all the more surprising that the Japanese were delighted with the cartoon about Cheburashka filmed in the Soviet Union and even released a remake of it

Sociology as a science studies society, its structure and patterns of development. For this, social scientists use special research methods, one of which is content analysis. What is content analysis? Content analysis is a scientific method that collects data in the social sciences:

The First World War had a huge impact on the fate of people. During the war, many battles and battles took place, the result of which affected the outcome of the war. One of the largest battles of the early period of the First World War is the Battle of Galicia

Authoritarianism is considered one of the most common types of government in human history. It is one of the forms of political dictatorship, but by its characteristics it is located between democracy and totalitarianism. So what is this regime?

The very concept of totalitarianism as a kind of political system fully corresponds to its literal translation from the Latin language and denotes the unlimited control of the supreme power over almost all spheres of society. Totalitarianism, like authoritarianism, are considered dictatorship regimes and are condemned